Mary Help College

Hardware and Network

Servicing Level I
Module Title  Accessing and Using
Internet
Module code EIS HNS1 M07 0322
Nominal duration 30Hours
UNIT ONE: Access Internet
 Internet

O A means of connecting a computer

to any other computer anywhere in

the world via dedicated routers and
servers.
O When two computers are connected

over the Internet, they can send and

receive all kinds of information such
as text, picture, voice, video, and
computer programs.
 Internet cont’d

O No one owns Internet, although

several organizations over the world
collaborate in its functioning and
development.
O The high-speed, fiber-optic cables
(called backbones) through which the
bulk of the Internet data travels are
owned by telephone companies in
their respective countries.
 Internet cont’d

O The Internet developed from software

called the ARPANET which the U.S

military had developed.
O It was only restrict to military personnel

and the people who developed it.

O Only after it was privatized was it
allowed to be used commercially.
 Internet cont’d

O On October 29, 1969, computers at

Stanford and UCLA connected for

the first time.
O In effect, they were the first hosts

on what would one day become the

Internet.
 Internet cont’d

O The Internet has developed to give

many benefits to mankind.

O The access to information is one of

the most important.

O Student can now have access to

libraries around the world.

 Internet cont’d

O Some charge a fee but most provide

free services.
O Before students had to spend hours

and hours in the libraries but now at

the touch of a button students have
a huge database in front of them.
 Uses for the Internet

O The Internet is used for many things such as:

 E-mail
 Social Networking
 Job-hunting
 Getting The Latest News
 Research
 Listening To Music
 Watching Videos
 Getting Driving Directions
 Reading Online Books And So Much More.
 Common Terms

 Browser

 Is a free software package or mobile app that

lets you view web pages, graphics, and most

online content.
 Webpage

 Is what you see in your browser when you

are on the Internet.

 You may see text, photos, images, diagrams,

links, advertisements and more on any page

you view.
 Common Terms cont’d

 HTTP

 Is the protocol used to request and transmit

files over the Internet or other computer.

 URL

 (Uniform Resource Locator) in other words,

the web address of internet pages and Files.

 The URL tells the browser exactly where to

find the page.

 Common Terms cont’d

 For example

 “www.google.com” is the URL or web address

to get to the Google's website.
 *.com signifies the part of the URL that identifies
what exactly that site is part of i.e., institution,
government, business, etc.
 . Com  generally, for commercial businesses
 . Net  network providers
 . Mil  military organizations
 . Gov  government organizations
 . Edu  educational organizations
 . Org  non-profit organizations
 Common Terms cont’d

 ARPANET

 The acronym stands for Advanced

Research Projects Agency Network.
 ARPA of the United States Department

of Defense developed ARPANET, which

became the world’s first packet
switching network.
 Internet is the successor of ARPANET.
 Common Terms cont’d

 Internet Service Provider:

 A company, which provides users with an

access to the Internet.
 ISP offers services like remote storage of files

for its customers.

 Cyberspace

 It refers to the computer networks connected

to each other and the content they host.

 It is often used to refer to the Internet.
 Common Terms cont’d

 IP Address:

 It is a way of numerically identifying an

entity on a computer network.

 The original addressing system known

as IPv4, used 32 bit addresses.

 With the growth of the Internet, IPv6

came to be used wherein the addresses

are composed of 128 bits.
 Common Terms cont’d

 WWW

 It is a collection of interlinked documents that

are accessible over the Internet.

 It consists of millions of web pages that

contain text, images, voice and videos.

 Website

 A website is a set of web pages consisting

of text, audio and video.

 Web servers host websites.
 Common Terms cont’d

 Home Page

 The term home page is used to refer to

the page that is the default page of

any website.
 It is the main page of a complex
website.
 Cache:

 It is a list of recently visited web pages.

 Common Terms cont’d

 Web Cookie

 Also known as an HTTP cookie, it is

a piece of text that is exchanged

between the web client and the web
server.
 It is sent by the web server to the

web client and returned unchanged

by the client each time it accesses
the server.
 Common Terms cont’d

Session

 It is an exchange of information

between a computer and its

user.
 It is established for a certain

period of time after which it

ends.
 Common Terms cont’d

 Hyperlink

 A reference in a document to another

section of the document or to another

document is termed as a hyperlink.
 Hyperlinks are used to redirect the

user from one section of page content

to another.
 Common Terms cont’d

 Internet Security

 Internet security refers to security

designed to protect systems and the
activities of employees and other users while
connected to the Internet, web browsers,
web apps, websites, and networks.
 Internet security solutions protect users
and corporate assets from cybersecurity
attacks and threats.
The need to search the Internet

 A computer with an Internet connection.

 The connection comes from an ISP or

Internet Service Provider.

 ISPs are usually phone companies that

charge you a monthly fee for Internet

access.
 Examples of local ISPs are: Ethio
telecom & Safaricom.
The Need To Search The Internet
cont’d

 There are several types of

connections to choose from.
 You will need to decide which one is best

for you.
 Each one comes with a different speed

and along with that, a different cost.

 For example, if you are going to be

downloading music or streaming videos

you will need a fast connection.
The Need To Search The Internet
cont’d

 DSL (digital subscriber line): a

connection through telephone wires
using DSL modem sending digital
data.
 Cable: a connection through a cable

modem using cable wires.

 Satellite: a connection through a
satellite. Can be affected by weather.
The Need To Search The Internet
cont’d

 Wireless: the computer connects to

a router without using wires.

 3G and 4G: devices connect to the

internet wirelessly through your

provider‘s network.
 Used for devices such as smart
phones, tablets and laptops when
there is not a wireless connection.
The Need To Search The Internet
cont’d

 Hardware: The primary piece of hardware that

you need besides your computer is a Modem.

 The modem is usually provided by your ISP

provider and depends on the type of Internet

Connection that you have chosen.

 If you have several computers to connect to the

same Internet Connection you will need a

router.
 A router can be wireless or hard wired with an

Ethernet cable.
The Need To Search The Internet
cont’d

 Web browser software: A program

that allows your computer to search
the Internet.
 Popular web browsers include:
 Google Chrome
 Mozilla Firefox
 Safari
 Microsoft Edge
 Internet Explorer
The Need To Search The Internet
cont’d

 Anti-virus software: Programs that

will help defend your computer

against harmful viruses that can
damage your hard drive.
 There are many different anti-virus
programs some of which are free.
 You can visit www.ninite.com to search

for different types of anti-virus software.

 Web browsers

 A software application used to access information

on the World Wide Web.

 When a user requests some information, the web

browser fetches the data from a web server and

then displays the webpage on the user's screen.
 Popular web browsers

 Microsoft‘s Internet Explorer & Edge

 Google chrome
 Mozilla‘s Firefox
 Apple‘s Safari
 Web browsers cont’d

 Browsers are the easiest way of finding the

information you need.

 The lists of most popular browsers along its

market share:
 Google Chrome (61.36 %)

 Mozilla Firefox (23.6 %)

 Internet Explorer (8.0%)

 Safari (3.7 %)

 Opera (1.6 %)
 Setting up Internet Option
a. Configuring Home page

O A home page is generally the

main page a visitor navigating

to a website from a web search
engine will see, and it may
also serve as a landing page to
attract visitors.
 Setting up Internet Option
a. Configuring Home page cont’d

O The home page is used to

facilitate navigation to other

pages on the site by providing

links to prioritized and recent

articles and pages, and possibly

a search box.
 Setting up Internet Option
a. Configuring Home page cont’d

O Meanwhile, other websites use the

home page to attract users to create

an account.
O Once they are logged in, the home

page may be redirected to their

profile page.
O This may in turn be referred to as the

"personal home page".

 Setting up Internet Option
a. Configuring Home page cont’d

O A website may have multiple home

pages, although most have one.

O For example, Wikipedia has a
home page at wikipedia.org, as
well as language-specific home
pages, such as en.wikipedia.org
and de.wikipedia.org.
 Setting up Internet Option
b. Configuring location of temporary files

 Temporary Internet Files are

a folder on Microsoft
Windows which serves as
the browser cache for Internet
Explorer to cache pages and
other multimedia content, such
as video and audio files, from
websites visited by the user.
 Setting up Internet Option
b. Configuring location of temporary files

 The Temporary Internet Files

cache can be useful in certain
situations.
 For example:

 If no Internet connection is
available, previously cached
websites are still available offline.
 Setting up Internet Option
b. How to delete temporary files

 C:\Users\”your - user account

- name”\AppData\Local\Temp

 C:\WINDOWS\Temp