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Types of Software Computer Science O Level 2210

The document outlines the types of software, categorizing them into system software, utility software, and application software. It details system software components such as operating systems, device drivers, linkers, and compilers, along with their functions and importance. Additionally, it describes various utility software tools and application software examples used for specific tasks in personal, educational, and business contexts.

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m.ahmed17092010
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10 views20 pages

Types of Software Computer Science O Level 2210

The document outlines the types of software, categorizing them into system software, utility software, and application software. It details system software components such as operating systems, device drivers, linkers, and compilers, along with their functions and importance. Additionally, it describes various utility software tools and application software examples used for specific tasks in personal, educational, and business contexts.

Uploaded by

m.ahmed17092010
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TYPES OF

SOFTWARE
BY: MUHAMMAD AHMED 9-I
COMPUTER SCIENCE 2210
MARKED WORK
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SOFTWARE:
SYSTEM SOFTWARE:
• Software can be used efficiently but does not exist physically.
• It is present in the computer.
• System software includes:
1. Operating system
2. Device Driver
3. Utilities
4. Linker
5. Compiler
OPERATING SYSTEM:
• It
is a mandatory software and without it the
computer is just useless.
•A computer needs an operating system to
function.
• It checks 4 produces:
a)BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)
b)Processor
c) Internet memory
d)Hardware management
OPERATING SYSTEM:
OS Functions:
1. User Interface/ Human-Computer Interface:
• HCI Has two types, Command Line Interface (CLI) and Graphical
user Interface (GUI).
• A CLI requires a user to type in instructions to choose options from menus,
open software, etc.
• There are Some commands that often need to be typed in, for example, to
save or load a file.
• The user needs to learn some commands every time an operation has to be
carried out.
• A GUI allows the user to interact with the computer (e.g. Mobile phone)
using pictures or symbols rather than memorizing different codes.
• In the GUI one of the most common technologies and devices to
provide user interface is the WIMP (Windows Icon Menu and
Pointing device) developed for the use of PC (Personal Computer).
• In the GUI the mouse the used to control the cursor on the
computer and icons are selected to open/run windows or
applications. (for example: the windows taskbar.
OPERATING SYSTEM:
OS Functions:
1. User Interface/ Human-Computer Interface:
• Advantages and disadvantages of CLI and GUI:
OPERATING SYSTEM:
2. Multitasking:
• It allows to perform Multiple tasks at the same time e.g.:
you can open browser, word processor and send data for
printing.

3. Multiprogramming:
• OS allows to write on multiprogramming.

4. Batch processing:
• OS allows to collect all commands together and process at
a particular time period. Can occur monthly, daily or even
hourly.

5. Memory Management:
• It keeps track of all the memory location. [RAM/ROM/DISK].
• Allows data to be moved between RAM and HDD/SSD
during the execution of programs.
OPERATING SYSTEM:
6. Security Management:
• It is to ensure the integrity, confidentiality and availability of data and is
achieved by the following methods.
 By carrying updates
 By using antivirus
 By making use of privileges to make use of user’s rights.

7. File management:
• Main tasks include:
• Maintaining directory structure e.g. C: My document To
download
• Ensuring memory allocation for a file.
• Ensuring access control mechanisms are maintained.
OPERATING SYSTEM:
8. Interrupts:
• A signal to stop the normal process.
• Types of interrupts:
 Hardware interrupt [e.g.: Printer sends a message, “Printer is out of paper ”]
 Software interrupt [e.g.: Antivirus sends a message, ”Update the software.”
 User interrupt [e.g.: Another person CTRL+ALT+DEL.]
• Causes of interrupts:
 Timing signal
 Input/Output devices
 Hardware fault
 Software error
 User interaction
• Interrupt handler/interrupt service routine:
 Used to attend to certain task issue.
 The interrupt signal tells the (PI) that attention is requested.
DEVICE DRIVER:

• A device driver is a specialized software that operates a particular computer-connected


device—offering a software interface to the hardware allows operating systems and other
computer applications to access hardware functionalities.
• The hardware is linked to a computer bus/communication subsystem via which device
drivers interact with the device. They are hardware-dependent and operating-system-
specific (OS). They offer the interrupt processing essential for any time-dependent
asynchronous hardware interface.
• A device driver’s primary objective is to allow computers and network hardware
components to interface and interact with specific devices. They handle requests made by
the kernel concerning a particular type of device. Device drivers define messages and
mechanisms through which the computer’s operating system and applications can access
the device or make requests for the device. They also handle device responses and
messages for delivery to the computer.
UTILITY SOFTWARE:

• Software that performs a specific task on a computer e.g.:


Virus checker
Defragmentation software
Disk Content, Analysis and repair
File compression and file management
Backup Software
Security
Screen Saver
UTILITY SOFTWARE:
1. Virus Checker:
• Virus:
It is a self replicate file which makes the computer fall.
• Antivirus:
It checks computer memory for viruses and quarantines the suspicious file
and does heuristic checking.

2. Disk Content Analysis and repair:


• It repairs the bad sectors.
3. Backup Software:
• Allows a schedule for backing up files.
UTILITY SOFTWARE:
4. Security Software:
• Manages access control and user account.
5. Screen Saver:
• It is a program that supplies moving and still images on the
monitor screen after a period of inactivity by the computer.

6. Buffer:
• It is a temporary storage area to share data temporarily.
UTILITY SOFTWARE:
7. Defragmentation Software:
• Defragmentation consolidates these
fragmented files so all the related
pieces are aligned. The system
performance improves once the hard
drive is defragmented because all
the jumbled-up data is reorganized
and stored appropriately. Regularly
running the Disk Defragmenter utility
improves system performance.
LINKER:

• A linker is a software tool that


plays a crucial role in the
compilation process of a
program. It takes the object
code generated by the compiler
and combines it with other
necessary libraries and modules
to create an executable file.
COMPILER:
• A software compiler is a program that
translates source code written in a high-level
programming language into machine code that
can be executed by a computer. This process of
translation is known as compilation.
• The source code is typically written by a
software developer in a programming language
such as C++, Python, or Java. These languages
are designed to be human-readable, making it
easier for developers to write and understand.
However, computers can only execute machine
code, which is a series of binary instructions
that the processor can understand.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE:

Application software is a type of


computer program that performs a
specific personal, educational, and
business function. Each application is
designed to assist end-users in
accomplishing a variety of tasks,
which may be related to productivity,
creativity, or communication.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE:
Examples of Application Software:
• The most common software application platforms are used by millions of people every day.
They're designed to help with specific tasks, simplify workflows, and improve communication
across teams.

• The Microsoft suite • Music software:


Pandora, Apple Music, Spotify
• Office, Excel, Word, PowerPoint, Outlook, etc.

• Internet browsers • Communication software:


• Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer Slack, Skype, Zoom, Teams
APPLICATION SOFTWARE:
• Photo Editing Software:
• Allows a user to manipulate digital photograph stored
on a computer for example changing the brightness,
changing the contrast, etc.

• Video Editing Software:


• It is the ability to manipulate videos and to produce a
new video.

• Graphic Manipulation Software:


• It allows the bitmap and vector images to be changed.
THANK
YOU!!!

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