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Unit 3

The document discusses IoT communication protocols, highlighting their importance in ensuring secure data exchange between connected devices. It categorizes protocols into network protocols (e.g., HTTP, LoRaWan, Bluetooth, ZigBee) and data protocols (e.g., MQTT, CoAP, AMQP, M2M, XMPP), each with specific use cases and characteristics. Additionally, it addresses the challenges related to standardization in IoT protocols.

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29 views14 pages

Unit 3

The document discusses IoT communication protocols, highlighting their importance in ensuring secure data exchange between connected devices. It categorizes protocols into network protocols (e.g., HTTP, LoRaWan, Bluetooth, ZigBee) and data protocols (e.g., MQTT, CoAP, AMQP, M2M, XMPP), each with specific use cases and characteristics. Additionally, it addresses the challenges related to standardization in IoT protocols.

Uploaded by

keerthanacse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 3

IOT PROTOCOLS
Protocol Standardization for
IoT
 IoT communication protocols are modes of
communication that protect and ensure optimum
security to the data

being
exchanged between connected devices.

 IoT communication protocols or technologies are


concerned, a mix of both IP and non-IP based
networks can be considered depending on
usage(power, range, and memory used).
 Example : 1. Smart Home Security Camera (IP
Types of IoT Protocols
1. IoT Network Protocols:
◦- HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
◦- LoRaWan (Long Range Wide Area Network)
◦- Bluetooth
◦- ZigBee
2. IoT Data Protocols:
◦ - Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
◦ - Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
◦ - Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP)
◦ - Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communication
Protocol
◦ - Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
(XMPP)
IoT Network Protocols
 IoT network protocols are used to connect devices over the
network.

1. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol):


◦ HyperText Transfer Protocol is the best example of IoT network
protocol.
◦ This protocol has formed the foundation of data communication
over the web.
◦ It is the most common protocol that is used for IoT devices
when there is a lot of data to be published.
◦ However, the HTTP protocol is not preferred because of its cost,
battery-life, energy saving, and more constraints.

 Use case :
 Cloud-Based 3D Printing Service (Upload the Design, Processing &
Printing, Remote Monitoring, Delivery)
 This is a perfect example of how HTTP enables seamless
communication between computers, cloud platforms, and
IoT devices like 3D printers.
2. LoRaWan (Long Range Wide Area Network):
 It is a long-range low power protocol that provides

signal detection below the noise level.


 LoRaWan connects battery operated things

wirelessly to the Internet in either private or global


networks
 This communication protocol is mainly used by

smart cities, where there are millions of devices


that function with less power and memory.
 Use case:
 Smart street lighting (Streetlights with LoRaWAN

Modules, LoRa Gateway to Cloud Connection,


Automated Light Control )
 This reduces power consumption, lowers costs,

and extends the lifespan of streetlights.


3.Bluetooth:
 Bluetooth is one of the most widely used protocols for

short-range wireless communication.


 It is a standard IoT protocol for wireless data

transmission. This communication protocol is secure


and perfect for short-range, low-power, low-cost, and
wireless transmission between electronic devices.
 BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) is a low-energy version of

Bluetooth protocol that reduces the power


consumption and plays an important role in
connecting IoT devices.
 Use case:
 smart wearables, smartphones, and other mobile

devices, where small fragments of data can be


exchanged without high power and memory and
offering ease of usage.
4. ZigBee:
 ZigBee is an IoT protocol that allows smart

objects to work together.


 It is commonly used in home automation.
 More famous for industrial settings, ZigBee

is used with apps that support low-rate data


transfer between short distances.
 Use case:
 smart home Automation (smart home

lighting system, Smart thermostats , Smart


Door Locks & Security Sensors using
Zigbee-enabled sensors and locks)
2. IoT Data Protocols
 IoT data protocols are used to connect low
power IoT devices. These protocols provide
point-to-point communication with the
hardware at the user side without any
Internet connection.
 Connectivity in IoT data protocols is through

a wired or a cellular network.


1. Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT):

 One of the most preferred protocols for IoT devices,


MQTT collects data from various electronic devices
and supports remote device monitoring.

 It is a subscribe/publish protocol that runs over


Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which means it
supports event-driven message exchange through
wireless networks.

 MQTT is mainly used in devices which are economical


and requires less power and memory. For instance,
fire detectors, car sensors, smart watches, and apps
for text-based messaging
2. Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP):
 CoAP is an internet-utility protocol for resource

constrained devices.
 Using this protocol, the client can send a request to

the server and the server can send back the response
to the client in HTTP ( Client – Server model).
 For light-weight implementation, it makes use of UDP

(User Datagram Protocol) and reduces space usage.


 The protocol uses binary data format EXL (Efficient

XML Interchanges).
 CoAP protocol is used mainly in automation, mobiles,

and microcontrollers.
 The protocol sends a request to the application

endpoints such as appliances at homes and sends


back the response of services and resources in the
application
3. Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP):
 AMQP is a software layer protocol for message-

oriented middleware environment that provides


routing and queuing.
 It is used for reliable point-to-point connection and

supports the seamless and secure exchange of data


between the connected devices and the cloud.
 AMQP consists of three separate components namely

Exchange, Message Queue, and Binding.


 All these three components ensure a secure and

successful exchange and storage of messages.


 Use Case: Banking Transactions & Payment Processing

◦ AMQP protocol is mainly used in the banking industry.


Whenever a message is sent by a server, the protocol tracks
the message until each message is delivered to the intended
users/destinations without failure
4. Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
Communication Protocol:
 It is an open industry protocol built to provide

remote application management of IoT devices.


 M2M communication protocols are cost-effective

and use public networks. It creates an


environment where two machines communicate
and exchange data.
 This protocol supports the self-monitoring of

machines and allows the systems to adapt


according to the changing environment.
 M2M communication protocols are used for

smart homes, automated vehicle authentication,


vending machines, and ATM machines.
5. Extensible Messaging and Presence
Protocol (XMPP):
 The XMPP is uniquely designed. It uses a push

mechanism to exchange messages in real-time.


 XMPP is flexible and can integrate with the

changes seamlessly.
 Developed using open XML (Extensible Markup

Language), XMPP works as a presence indicator


showing the availability status of the servers or
devices transmitting or receiving messages.
 Other than the instant messaging apps such as

Google Talk and WhatsApp, XMPP is also used


in online gaming, news websites, and Voice
over Internet Protocol (VoIP).
Issues with IoT
Standardization

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