DON BOSCO
INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
“Introduction to Ultrasonic Sensor-
Based Obstacle Avoiding Robot”
TEAM MEMBERS
PRIYANSHU SINGH - 1DB21EE020
SAGAR S - 1DB21EE021
VARUN R - 1DB21EE031
CHANDAN M- 1DB22EE404
GUIDED BY
MR. S Y PATTAR
PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF EEE, DBIT
PROBLEM STATEMENT –OBSTACLE
AVOIDING ROBOT USING
ULTRASONIC SENSOR.
OBJECTIVES
• An obstacle-avoiding robot is a fascinating example of
robotics technology, using sensors to navigate its environment
safely.
• The ultrasonic sensor plays a crucial role in this process,
detecting obstacles and allowing the robot to make informed
decisions about its path.
• Ultrasonic sensors emit sound waves and measure the time it
takes for these waves to return after reflecting off an object.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
LITRATURE SURVEY
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMEN
WORKING MECHANISM
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
• Robotic navigation research is beginning to gain momentum on its
own. Robotics experts started to create various free routes finding
algorithms.
• The navigation system is regarded as being of paramount importance
since the robot must be able to be securely controlled from the
starting point to the target (destination). To avoid impediments, or to
put it another way, the robot must be able to avoid them.
• The first of two elements that serve as a guide is this. The robot must
also continually make sure that it reaches its goal (target). Making a
decision from the different travel possibilities is the challenging part.
When making decisions, like in the example, a driver is frequently
nevertheless troubled by uncertainty in reality above.
• It will be interesting to see how this is implemented in a mobile robot
(autonomous robot). Simple problems like these can turn into more
complex ones if they are applied to autonomous mobile robots that
must avoid obstacles.
LITRATURE SURVEY
Sl. Author, Highlights
No Title,Publication Year
1. T. E. Mora and E. • Understanding the ultrasonic sensor's operation is crucial before beginning construction of the
N. Sanchez robot because it will be used to detect obstacles.
“Fuzzy logic-based • The essential premise underpinning how an ultrasonic sensor operates is keeping track of how
real-time navigation long it takes to broadcast ultrasonic beams and how long it takes to receive them after they have
controller for a impacted a surface.
mobile robot” • The distance is then determined using the formula. Therefore, the trig pin of the HC-SR04 is
raised for at least 10 us. Eight pulses at a frequency of 40 kHz are employed to transmit a sound
2020 beam. The signal is received by the HC-SR04 after it bounces off the surface and lands on the
receiver echo pin. When the message was sent, the Echo pin had already risen significantly
2. L. M. Waghmare, P. • Multiplatform radar network (MRN) composed of multiple transmitting and receiving facilities is
Tallapragada, and N. advantageous over monostatic radar in moving target detection (MTD) and tracking due to the
Bidwai. diversity gain.
• Within the framework of the Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT), the authors propose that the
“Reactive Navigation airborne platforms equipped with the cognitive multimodal radar (CMR), the subarray‐based MIMO
of Autonomous radar (SMR), the active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar and the adaptive radar
Vehicle using Neuro- countermeasures (ARC) should team up in target detection and tracking.
Fuzzy Controller“ • To obtain better target detection and tracking performance, the probing signals from the CMR, the
SMR, and the AESA radar are adaptively optimised based on the scenario under consideration.
2006
Sl. Author, Title, Highlights
No Publication Year
3. S. Seghour and • The first function of obstacle avoidance robots is to detect the presence of
M. Tadjine. obstacles. When you power on the system with the help of the ON/OFF switch,
the Arduino microcontroller will read the data.
“Consensus- • When the ultrasonic sensor detects the presence of an obstacle in the process
based approach of moving forward, the robot will move backward.
and reactive fuzzy • There are different ways to emit these waves. The most used are pulsed
navigation for waves, where the radar emits a pulse and waits for the return and the
multiple no- continuous emission radar.
holonomic mobile • The radar can detect objects with a wide range of reflective properties, while
robots” other types of signals, such as sound or visible light, returning from these
objects would be too weak to be detected. In addition, radio waves can
2017 propagate through the air and various obstacles, such as clouds, fog or smoke,
which quickly absorb a light signal. This makes detection and tracking possible
under conditions that paralyze other technologies.
• In this paper, we present a prototype of a radar system used for the detection
and the tracking of material targets. The prototype was tested in the LTT
laboratory.
ARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
• Arduino IDE (software)
• Processing IDE (software)
WORKING MECHANISM
• The Arduino Uno-based radar system utilizes a combination of
ultrasonic sensors and microcontroller programming to detect and
track nearby objects.
• The ultrasonic sensors emit high-frequency sound waves and
measure the time it takes for the waves to reflect off objects and
return to the sensors. This time-of-flight data is then processed by
the Arduino Uno to calculate the distance and direction of the
detected objects.
• The Arduino's onboard microcontroller runs on a software that
controls the ultrasonic sensors, processes the sensor data and
presents the information in a user-friendly format.
• This allows the radar system to continuously scan its environment,
identify the presence and location of objects, and provide real-time
feedback to the user or other connected systems.
ADVANTAGES
EFFICIENCY:-Ultrasonic sensor-based robots are highly efficient in
navigating complex environments.
COST EFFECTIVNESS:-Ultrasonic sensors are relatively
inexpensive compared to other types of sensors, such as lidar or
cameras. This makes ultrasonic sensor-based robots a cost-effective
option for a wide range of applications.
Reliability:-Ultrasonic sensors are known for their reliability and
robustness.
APPLICATIONS
• Ultrasonic sensor-based obstacle avoidance robots have a wide
range of practical applications across various industries.
• These robots can be deployed in environments where manual
navigation is challenging or hazardous, improving efficiency and
safety.
• In industrial settings:- these robots can be used for tasks such as
warehouse automation, material handling, and inspection.
• MINIMIZE DOWNTIME:-They can navigate complex environments
and avoid obstacles, ensuring smooth operation and minimizing
downtime.
• HEALTHCARE:-they can be used in healthcare settings for tasks
like medication delivery, disinfection, and patient monitoring,
reducing the risk of human error and improving patient care.
REFERENCES
• http://radartutorial.en (intro, principle of operation)
• http://microcontrollerslab.com/servo-motor-control- and-
interfacing-with-arduino
• https://en.wikipedia.org
• http://robotforpro.blogspot.in (sensor)
• https://www.flyrobo.in/
• Nikhil Kawade, Shaguftah Mulla, Gayatri Mahale, Rohit
Mahapure,’ Intrusion Detection and Identification in
Water Distribution Network”, Vol:4, Issue: 4, April:
2017
• https://www.jlab.org/ir/MITSeries/V1-1.pdf
