DON BOSCO INSTITUTE

OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

“Introduction to Ultrasonic Sensor-

Based Obstacle Avoiding Robot”
TEAM MEMBERS
PRIYANSHU SINGH - 1DB21EE020
SAGAR S - 1DB21EE021
VARUN R - 1DB21EE031
CHANDAN M- 1DB22EE404

GUIDED BY
MR. S Y PATTAR
PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF EEE, DBIT
PROBLEM STATEMENT –OBSTACLE
AVOIDING ROBOT USING
ULTRASONIC SENSOR.

OBJECTIVES
• An obstacle-avoiding robot is a fascinating example of
robotics technology, using sensors to navigate its
environment safely.
• The ultrasonic sensor plays a crucial role in this
process, detecting obstacles and allowing the robot to
make informed decisions about its path.
• Ultrasonic sensors emit sound waves and measure the
time it takes for these waves to return after reflecting
off an object.
 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
LITRATURE SURVEY
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
WORKING MECHANISM
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
• Robotic navigation research is beginning to gain momentum
on its own. Robotics experts started to create various free
routes finding algorithms.
• The navigation system is regarded as being of paramount
importance since the robot must be able to be securely
controlled from the starting point to the target (destination).
To avoid impediments, or to put it another way, the robot
must be able to avoid them.
• The first of two elements that serve as a guide is this. The
robot must also continually make sure that it reaches its goal
(target). Making a decision from the different travel
possibilities is the challenging part. When making decisions,
like in the example, a driver is frequently nevertheless
troubled by uncertainty in reality above.
• It will be interesting to see how this is implemented in a
mobile robot (autonomous robot). Simple problems like these
can turn into more complex ones if they are applied to
autonomous mobile robots that must avoid obstacles.
LITRATURE SURVEY
Sl. Author, Highlights
No Title,Publication
Year
1. T. E. Mora and E. • Understanding the ultrasonic sensor's operation is crucial before beginning
N. Sanchez construction of the robot because it will be used to detect obstacles.
“Fuzzy logic-based • The essential premise underpinning how an ultrasonic sensor operates is keeping
real-time track of how long it takes to broadcast ultrasonic beams and how long it takes to
navigation receive them after they have impacted a surface.
controller for a • The distance is then determined using the formula. Therefore, the trig pin of the HC-
mobile robot” SR04 is raised for at least 10 us. Eight pulses at a frequency of 40 kHz are employed
to transmit a sound beam. The signal is received by the HC-SR04 after it bounces off
2020 the surface and lands on the receiver echo pin. When the message was sent, the
Echo pin had already risen significantly

2. L. M. Waghmare, P. • Multiplatform radar network (MRN) composed of multiple transmitting and receiving
Tallapragada, and facilities is advantageous over monostatic radar in moving target detection (MTD)
N. Bidwai. and tracking due to the diversity gain.
• Within the framework of the Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT), the authors propose
“Reactive that the airborne platforms equipped with the cognitive multimodal radar (CMR), the
Navigation of subarray‐based MIMO radar (SMR), the active electronically scanned array (AESA)
Autonomous radar and the adaptive radar countermeasures (ARC) should team up in target
Vehicle using detection and tracking.
Neuro-Fuzzy • To obtain better target detection and tracking performance, the probing signals from
Controller“ the CMR, the SMR, and the AESA radar are adaptively optimised based on the
scenario under consideration.
2006
Sl. Author, Title, Highlights
No Publication
Year
3. S. Seghour • The first function of obstacle avoidance robots is to detect the
and M. presence of obstacles. When you power on the system with the help
Tadjine. of the ON/OFF switch, the Arduino microcontroller will read the data.
• When the ultrasonic sensor detects the presence of an obstacle in the
“Consensus- process of moving forward, the robot will move backward.
based approach • There are different ways to emit these waves. The most used are
and reactive pulsed waves, where the radar emits a pulse and waits for the return
fuzzy and the continuous emission radar.
navigation for • The radar can detect objects with a wide range of reflective
multiple no- properties, while other types of signals, such as sound or visible light,
holonomic returning from these objects would be too weak to be detected. In
mobile robots” addition, radio waves can propagate through the air and various
obstacles, such as clouds, fog or smoke, which quickly absorb a light
2017 signal. This makes detection and tracking possible under conditions
that paralyze other technologies.
• In this paper, we present a prototype of a radar system used for the
detection and the tracking of material targets. The prototype was
tested in the LTT laboratory.
ARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

• Arduino IDE (software)

• Processing IDE
(software)
WORKING MECHANISM
• The Arduino Uno-based radar system utilizes a combination
of ultrasonic sensors and microcontroller programming to
detect and track nearby objects.
• The ultrasonic sensors emit high-frequency sound waves
and measure the time it takes for the waves to reflect off
objects and return to the sensors. This time-of-flight data is
then processed by the Arduino Uno to calculate the distance
and direction of the detected objects.
• The Arduino's onboard microcontroller runs on a software
that controls the ultrasonic sensors, processes the sensor
data and presents the information in a user-friendly format.
• This allows the radar system to continuously scan its
environment, identify the presence and location of objects,
and provide real-time feedback to the user or other
connected systems.
ADVANTAGES
EFFICIENCY:-Ultrasonic sensor-based robots are highly
efficient in navigating complex environments.
COST EFFECTIVNESS:-Ultrasonic sensors are relatively
inexpensive compared to other types of sensors, such as
lidar or cameras. This makes ultrasonic sensor-based robots
a cost-effective option for a wide range of applications.
Reliability:-Ultrasonic sensors are known for their reliability
and robustness.
APPLICATIONS
• Ultrasonic sensor-based obstacle avoidance robots have a
wide range of practical applications across various
industries.
• These robots can be deployed in environments where
manual navigation is challenging or hazardous, improving
efficiency and safety.
• In industrial settings:- these robots can be used for tasks
such as warehouse automation, material handling, and
inspection.
• MINIMIZE DOWNTIME:-They can navigate complex
environments and avoid obstacles, ensuring smooth
operation and minimizing downtime.
• HEALTHCARE:-they can be used in healthcare settings for
REFERENCES
• http://radartutorial.en (intro, principle of operation)
• http://microcontrollerslab.com/servo-motor-control-and-
interfacing-with-arduino
• https://en.wikipedia.org
• http://robotforpro.blogspot.in (sensor)
• https://www.flyrobo.in/
• Nikhil Kawade, Shaguftah Mulla, Gayatri Mahale, Rohit
Mahapure,’ Intrusion Detection and Identification in
Water Distribution Network”, Vol:4, Issue: 4, April:
2017
• https://www.jlab.org/ir/MITSeries/V1-1.pdf