Project Management

Dr. Sherif
Elatriby

Course Code: IENG344/MENG531

 Project
Management
Lecture No. 5
Chapter III
Project Time
Management
Lecture Outline:

• Chapter III “Project Time Management”

– What is Project Time Management?
– Project time management processes
– The Critical Path Method (CPM)
– Gantt chart
– Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 3

Project Time Management
?What Is Project Time Management

Project Time Management includes the processes required to accomplish

timely completion of the project; involves the following major processes
used in developing the project time schedule:

 Activity Definition
 Activity Sequencing
 Activity Resource Estimating
 Duration Estimating
 Schedule Development
 Schedule Control

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 4

Project Time Management
Project Time Management processes

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 5

Project Time Management
Activity Definition )1
Activity Definition - Process of identifying the specific schedule activities that
need to be performed to produce the various project deliverables.
• Identifies the work packages, deliverables at the lowest level in the work
breakdown structure.
• Work packages are planned (decomposed) into smaller components called
schedule activities to provide as basis for:

Estimating
Scheduling
Executing
Monitoring and Controlling

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 6

Project Time Management
Activity Sequencing )2

Activity Sequencing - Process of identifying and documenting the logical

dependencies among schedule activities.
• Schedule activities can be logically sequenced with proper precedence
relationships to support later development of a realistic and achievable
project schedule.
• Sequencing is important since you often have to complete the project as
quickly as possible
• Project management software may help

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 7

Project Time Management
Activity Sequencing )2
Precedence Diagramming Method PDM (Tool)

• Network technique that uses nodes to represent activities and links them
together with arrows to reflect their dependencies.
• Also known as Activity-On-Node (AON) and is used by most project
management software packages.
• Includes four types of dependencies or precedence relationships:
 Finish-To-Start (most commonly used)
 Finish-To-Finish
 Start-To-Start Assignment
 Start-To-Finish (rarely used)
• Uses no dummy activities

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 8

Project Time Management
Activity Sequencing )2
Precedence Diagramming Method PDM (Tool)
Install Final
Rough Plumbing
Plumbing Cabine
ts
C I K
Sheet
Excava Rock
te
Lay Finish
A B Foundati Exteri H M
on or
Install
E Floorin
g
J L
Frame D HVAC
Pain Final
t Electri
F c

Rough Precedence diagram

Electri
G
Lecture (5) Project Time Management
c 9
Project Time Management
Activity Sequencing )2
Precedence Diagramming Method PDM (Tool)

Network Diagramming Method

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 10

Project Time Management
Activity Resource Estimating )3

Activity Resource Estimating - Process of estimating the types and

quantities of resources required to perform each schedule activity that
involves determining.

• What resources (people, equipment, or material)

• What quantities of each resource are used
• When each resource are available to perform project activities

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 11

Project Time Management
Activity Duration Estimating )4
Activity Duration Estimating - Process of estimating the number of work
periods that will be needed to complete individual schedule activities.
•Activity duration estimating requires determining the:
• Amount of work effort required
• Assumed amount of resources
• Number of work periods needed

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 12

Project Time Management
Schedule Development )5

Schedule Development - Process of analyzing schedule activity sequences,

schedule activity durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints to
create the project schedule.
• The schedule development process is an interactive process that determines
planned start and finish dates for project activities.
• The critical path method (CPM) is one of the tools used in this process. Bar
chart, also called Gantt Chart is one of the outputs.

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 13

Project Time Management
Schedule Control )6

Schedule Control - Process which is concerned with:

• Determining the current status of the project schedule
• Influencing the factors which create schedule changes to ensure that
the changes are beneficial.
• Determining that a schedule change has occurred.
• Managing the actual changes when and if they occur.

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 14

Project Time Management
The Critical Path Method (CPM)

 CPM is a project network analysis technique

used to predict total project duration

• A critical path for a project is the series of

activities that determines the earliest time by which
the project can be completed.

• The critical path is the longest path through the

network diagram and has the least amount of
slack or float.

CPM technique
Lecture (5) Project Time Management 15
Project Time Management
The Critical Path Method (CPM)
Information needed for CPM

 A list of all activities required to complete the project

The time (duration) that each activity will take to completion

The dependencies between the activities (e.g. finish to start)

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 16

Project Time Management
The Critical Path Method (CPM)
Example (1) of Determining the Critical Path
Consider the following project network diagram. Assume all times are in days

C=2 4 E=1
A=2 B=5
start 1 2 3 6 finish

D=7 5 F=2

a. How many paths are on this network diagram?

b. How long is each path?
c. Which is the critical path?
d. What is the shortest time needed to complete this project?

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 17

Project Time Management
The Critical Path Method (CPM)
Solution :

a. How many paths are on this network diagram?

2 paths : ABCE and ABDF
b. How long is each path?
ABCE (10 days) ABDF (16 days)
c. Which is the critical path?
Critical path is ABDF
d. What is the shortest time needed to complete this project?
Project completion time is : 16 days

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 18

Project Time Management
The Critical Path Method (CPM)
Example (2) of Determining the Critical Path

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 19

Project Time Management
Gantt chart
Gantt charts provide a standard format for displaying project schedule
information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish
dates in a calendar format.

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 20

Project Time Management
Solved example
Activity Predecessor(s) Time

A - 1
B - 2
C - 3
D A 4
E B 5
F B 4
G C 6
H D,E 6
I G 2

J H,F,I 3

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 21

Project Time Management
Solved example
1. Activity-on-Arrow (AOA) Network Diagram

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 22

Project Time Management
Solved example
2. Activity-on-Node (AON) Network Diagram

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 23

Project Time Management
Solved example
2. Network Diagram with four times [Es, EF, Ls, LF]

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 24

Project Time Management
Solved example
3. GANTT CHART

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 25

Project Time Management
Solved example
3. GANTT CHART

Lecture (5) Project Time Management 26