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Djikstra

The document describes the implementation of Dijkstra's algorithm using Java, including the definitions of the Edge and Node classes. It outlines how to create a graph, add edges, and compute the shortest distances from a source vertex to all other vertices. The main method demonstrates building a graph and printing the shortest distances from the source vertex to each vertex.

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5 views9 pages

Djikstra

The document describes the implementation of Dijkstra's algorithm using Java, including the definitions of the Edge and Node classes. It outlines how to create a graph, add edges, and compute the shortest distances from a source vertex to all other vertices. The main method demonstrates building a graph and printing the shortest distances from the source vertex to each vertex.

Uploaded by

ananyakrish69
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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static class Edge {

int target;
int weight;

Edge(int target, int weight) {


this.target = target;
this.weight = weight;
}
}

• The Edge class represents a connection (edge) from


one vertex to another.
• target: The vertex that this edge leads to.
• weight: The cost or weight associated with traversing
static class Node implements Comparable<Node> {
int vertex;
int distance;

Node(int vertex, int distance) {


this.vertex = vertex;
this.distance = distance;
}

public int compareTo(Node other) {


return Integer.compare(this.distance, other.distance);
}
}

• The Node class is used to keep track of vertices along with the current known
distance from the source vertex during the algorithm's execution.
• It implements Comparable<Node> so that when inserted into a priority
queue, nodes are ordered based on their distance (smaller distances have
higher priority).
public static int[] dijkstra(List<List<Edge>> graph, int source) {
int V = graph.size();
int[] distances = new int[V];

// Initialize all distances as infinity


Arrays.fill(distances, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
distances[source] = 0;

// PriorityQueue to select the vertex with the smallest known distance


PriorityQueue<Node> queue = new PriorityQueue<>();
queue.offer(new Node(source, 0));

while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
Node current = queue.poll();
int u = current.vertex;

// Skip this node if we've already found a better path


if (current.distance > distances[u]) {
continue;
}
// Explore each edge (neighbor) from the current vertex.
for (Edge edge : graph.get(u)) {
int v = edge.target;
int weight = edge.weight;

// If a shorter path to v is found, update the distance and add it to the queue.
if (distances[u] + weight < distances[v]) {
distances[v] = distances[u] + weight;
queue.offer(new Node(v, distances[v]));
}
}
}

return distances;
}

• An array of size equal to the number of vertices (V) is created and filled with
Integer.MAX_VALUE (representing infinity). The distance to the source vertex is set to
0 because no cost is required to start from the source
• A priority queue (queue) is initialized to always pick the vertex with the smallest
known distance. The source node is added first with a distance of 0.
• If the distance stored in the node is greater than the current known distance (due to a
previously found shorter path), the node is skipped.

Relaxation Step:
• For each edge outgoing from the current vertex (u), the algorithm checks whether
going through u offers a shorter path to the neighbor vertex (v).
• If a shorter path is found, the distances[v] is updated and a new Node representing
vertex v with the updated distance is added to the queue

• When the queue is empty, the distances array contains the shortest path from the
source to every other vertex in the graph.
public static List<List<Edge>> createGraph(int vertices) {
List<List<Edge>> graph = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < vertices; i++) {
graph.add(new ArrayList<>());
}
return graph;
}

• This method creates an empty graph represented as


an adjacency list.
• It creates a list of lists where each inner list will hold
the edges originating from a vertex.
public static void addEdge(List<List<Edge>> graph, int
u, int v, int weight) {
graph.get(u).add(new Edge(v, weight));
graph.get(v).add(new Edge(u, weight)); // For
undirected graph
}

• Adds an edge between two vertices for an


undirected graph.

• It adds an edge from u to v and another edge


from v to u, each with the same weight.
public static void main(String[] args) {
int vertices = 5; // Total vertices in the graph
List<List<Edge>> graph = createGraph(vertices);

// Build the graph by adding edges.


addEdge(graph, 0, 1, 10);
addEdge(graph, 0, 2, 3);
addEdge(graph, 1, 2, 1);
addEdge(graph, 1, 3, 2);
addEdge(graph, 2, 1, 4);
addEdge(graph, 2, 3, 8);
addEdge(graph, 2, 4, 2);
addEdge(graph, 3, 4, 7);
addEdge(graph, 4, 3, 9);

int source = 0;
int[] distances = dijkstra(graph, source);

// Print the shortest distances from the source to each vertex.


System.out.println("Vertex\tDistance from Source " + source);
for (int i = 0; i < distances.length; i++) {
System.out.println(i + "\t\t" + distances[i]);
}
}
• The addEdge method is used to build the graph. Since the graph is undirected, each
call to addEdge adds a bidirectional connection between vertices.

• The dijkstra method is called with source = 0, which computes the shortest distance
from vertex 0 to all other vertices.

• The program prints the shortest distances from the source vertex to every other
vertex in a tabular format.

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