ME 104- Engineering Drawing

Lecturer
Engr. Muhammad Hamza Sabir
MSc
Earthquake Engineering – UET Peshawar
BS
Civil Engineering – COMSATS Abbottabad

[email protected]
Office 111 SCEE(NICE)
Grading
Laboratory Work 50%
Quiz 20%
End Semester Exam 30%

Students Evaluation:
Quizzes and Viva
Assignments
Class Performance
Class behavior and attendance
Timely Submission of Lab Assignments
Recommended Books

Descriptive Geometry Abbot

1.
2. Elementary Engineering Drawing N. D. Bhatt
5. I.S.I. Specification on drawing - S. C. Sharma
6. Engineering Drawing R. K. Dhawan
Fundamentals of Engineering
7. Warren J. Luzadder
Drawing
8. Engineering Drawing Parkinson
I.S.M. & S.S.M. on Technical
9. T.T.T.I., Madras
Drawing
 Rules
All students should have all the drawing/drafting
equipment with them in every class/lab.
The students coming late or after 5 mins of the
commencement of the class, would be marked
absent.
Every lab will be graded at the same day at (4:00
pm) and marks will be entered. Negative marking
for late submissions.
Getting your sheet checked is your responsibility.
The use of mobile phone is not allowed.
 IMPORTANT
 COME TO CLASS WELL PREPARED FOR LEARNING.
 EVERY STUDENT SHOULD BE IN POSSESSION OF ALL
THE DRAWING INSTRUMENTS AND ACCESSORIES TO
AVOID ANY LOSS OF TIME.BORROWING OF ITEMS
WILL NOT BE APPRECIATED.
 STUDENTS ARE ADVISED TO WIND UP THEIR WORK IN
TIME SO THAT THEY ARE NOT LATE FOR THE NEXT
CLASS.
 DRAWING SESSIONS WILL BE LONG.NO ONE IS
ALLOWED TO LEAVE WITHOUT PERMISSION.
 LATE COMERS WILL BE MARKED ABSENT.
Why do I need
to study
drawing?
What are our Goals ??
• Clear Conception of Proportion while Drawing for a certain
Purpose.
• Knowledge of dimensions
• Space available on paper for drawing
• Determining Scale of drawing.
• It can be achieved by thorough practice.
• Speed and Accuracy in use of Drawing Tools
• Use of Drawing Instruments.
• Use of skills
• Thoroughness
• Accuracy and Quality.
•Ability to think in three dimensions
• Drawing is drawn on paper which is a two dimension medium.
• Visualizing a solid by it’s representation on paper.
• Use of 3D models to develop e the concepts.
•Power of Expressing Ideas by Free Hand Sketching
• Fully dimensioned free hand sketches will be made from models
to develop the concepts of drawing with form and proportion
 Imagine /
Perceive
Draw Construct
 INTRODUCTION
What is Engineering Drawing

A fully developed language in its own right: A

graphical language that Engineers understand all
over the world irrespective of their native tongue.
Communication between “DESIGNER and
MANUFRACTURER”.

Engineering Drawing Requirements

Unambiguous and Clear
Complete
Language Independent
Conforms to standards
 INTRODUCTION
BASIC LIST OF EQUIPMENT
The following list contains the selection of
equipment necessary for making instrument
drawings.
1.Case of drawing instruments
2.Drawing surface (board or table)
3.Drafting edge (T-square, parallel edge)
4.Triangles (30o, 45o )
5.Scales (inch)
6.Drawing Pencils (H,2H,3H)
7.Drafting Tape
8.Eraser
9.Dry cleaning pad
10.Erasing Shield
Drawing Surface (board or
table)
Drawing board is
rectangular in shape and is
made of strips of well-
seasoned soft wood about
25 mm thick.
One of the edges of the
board is used as “working
edge” on which the T-
square is made to slide. It
should, therefore, be
perfectly straight.
 Drafting Edge (T-square,
parallel edge)
It consists of two parts, the
stock and the blade, joined
together at right angle to
each other by means of
screws and pins.

The stock is placed adjoining

the working edge of the
board and is made to slide on
it as and when required.

The t-square is used for

drawing horizontal lines. (the
stock of the t-square is held
firmly with the left hand
against the working edge of
the board, and the line is
drawn from left to right.
 Drafting Edge (T-square,
parallel edge)
The pencil should be held
slightly inclined in the
direction of line (i.e. to the
right, while the pencil point
should be as close as
possible to the working
edge of the blade.)

The working edge of the t-

square is also used as a
base for set-squares to
draw vertical, inclined or
mutually parallel lines.
 Triangles (30o, 45o 60o)
Set squares are used for
drawing all straight lines
except the horizontal lines
which are usually drawn
with t-square. Vertical
lines can be drawn with
the t-square and the set-
square.

The two set squares used

simultaneously along with
the t-square will produce
lines making angles of 15,
75, 105 degrees.
 Triangles (30o, 45o)

Parallel straight lines in

any position as well as
lines perpendicular to any
line from any given point
within or outside it can be
drawn with the two set
squares.
Scales (inch)
Drawing Pencils
Drawing Pencils
 Case of drawing instruments
1. Large size compass
with interchangeable
pencil and pen legs
2. Lengthening Bar
3. Small bow Compass
4. Large-size divider
5. Small bow divider
6. Inking pen
Dry cleaning pad, Sand Paper
Eraser and Eraser shield
Drawing Sheets Sizes
ISO USA Sizes

Width Length
Letter Letter inches
mm inches mm inches

F 28.0 x 40.0

A0 841 33.11 1189 46.81 E 34.0 x 44.0

A1 594 23.39 841 33.11 D 22.0 x 34.0

A2 420 16.54 594 23.39 C 17.0 x 22.0

A3 297 11.69 420 16.54 B 11.0 x 17.0

A4 210 8.27 297 11.69 A 8.5 x 11.0

 REQUIREMENTS IN DRAWING
Drawing sheet SESSIONS

Drawing Instruments
Drawing sheet- A2 size (420X
594mm);
T- square;
Drawing pencils (H, 2H and 3H);
Large size compass,
Large size divider; Scales
Protractor;
Eraser; Drawing clip/pin/adhesive
tape; Sharpener; Duster
 18.5 Cm

6.5 Cm
 Planning your engineering drawing
Before starting your engineering drawing you should
plan how you are going to make best use of the
space. It is important to think about the number of
views your drawing will have and how much space
you will use of the paper.
Try to make maximum use of the available space.
If a view has lots of detail, try and make that view as
large as possible. If necessary, draw that view on a
separate sheet.
If you intend to add dimensions to the drawing,
remember to leave enough space around the drawing
for them to be added later.
If you are working with inks on film, plan the order in
which you are drawing the lines. For example you
don't want to have to place your ruler on wet ink
LINE TYPES
LINE TYPES
Line Conventions
 Visible Lines – solid thick lines that represent visible edges or contours
 Hidden Lines – short evenly spaced dashes that depict hidden features
 Section Lines – solid thin lines that indicate cut surfaces
 Center Lines – alternating long and short dashes and it represents symmetry,
path of motion, centers of circles etc
 Dimensioning
 Dimension Lines - solid thin lines showing dimension extent/direction
 Extension Lines - solid thin lines showing point or line to which dimension applies
 Leaders – direct notes, dimensions, symbols, part numbers, etc. to features on
drawing
 Cutting-Plane and Viewing-Plane Lines – indicate location of cutting planes
for sectional views and the viewing position for removed partial views
 Break Lines – indicate only portion of object is drawn. May be random
“squiggled” line or thin dashes joined by zigzags.
 Phantom Lines – long thin dashes separated by pairs of short dashes indicate
alternate positions of moving parts, adjacent position of related parts and
repeated detail
 Chain Line – Lines or surfaces with special requirements
 1
Viewing-plane line 3Dimension Line Center4Line
2Extension line
Hidden5Line

6
Break Line

7
Cutting-plane Line
8
Visible Line
9
Center Line (of motion)
10
Leader

14 Line
Phantom

13

Section Line 12
SECTION A-A 11
VIEW B-B

Source: http://www.genium.com/pdf/dmpc.pdf
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
LINES:
The thickness of line is depending on the type and size of the
drawing. The thicknesses should be chosen from the following
range:
0.13, 0.18, 0.25, 0.35, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.4, 2.0 mm.

ORDER OF PRIORITY OF COINCIDING LINES:

In case of two or more lines of different types which may overlap
or coincide, the drawing priority may be given in the following
order:
1. Visible outline and edges
2. Hidden outline and edges
3. Cutting Planes
4. Centre lines and line of symmetry
5. Centroidal Lines
6. Projection lines
 Pictorial
3-dimensional representations
One-point

Two-point or Three-point

Isometric

Source: “Introduction to Engineering”, by Paul Wright

One-point

Two-Point
Isometric
Task 1 – Free hand
sketch

Draw free hand sketch of podium

 Task 1 – Free hand
sketch – Straight Line
1.Hold the pencil naturally.
2.Spot the beginning and end points.
3.Swing the pencil back and forth between the points, barely
touching the paper until the direction is clearly established.
4.Draw the line firmly with a free and easy wrist-and-arm
motion
 Task 1 – Free hand
sketch – Straight Line
 Task 1 – Free hand
sketch – Straight Line
 Orthographic / Multiview
Draw object from two / three perpendicular views

What it looks
like pictorially

/ Orthographic
Glass Box Approach
Orthographic Projections
Exercise 1
•Complete three orthographic views of the object
shown on the next slide.
•Include visible, hidden, and center lines where
appropriate.
Section Views
If three views
are not enough,
draw sections
needed to
completely
describe the
object.

Section A-A View B-B