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Normal Random Variables and Normal Curve (1)

The document covers the characteristics and properties of normal random variables and the normal distribution, also known as Gaussian distribution. It explains the symmetrical bell-shaped curve, the empirical rule regarding standard deviations, and provides examples of calculating probabilities under the normal curve. Additionally, it introduces the standard normal distribution, which has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 for simplification in calculations.

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camariglowelyn2008
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6 views

Normal Random Variables and Normal Curve (1)

The document covers the characteristics and properties of normal random variables and the normal distribution, also known as Gaussian distribution. It explains the symmetrical bell-shaped curve, the empirical rule regarding standard deviations, and provides examples of calculating probabilities under the normal curve. Additionally, it introduces the standard normal distribution, which has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 for simplification in calculations.

Uploaded by

camariglowelyn2008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Normal Random

Variables and Normal


Curve
Learning Competency: After going through this
module, you are expected to:

• illustrate a normal random variable and its


characteristics
• (M11/12SP-IIIc-1);
• 2. identify regions under the normal curve that
correspond to different standard normal values
(M11/12SP-IIc-3)
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION OR
GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION

•Is a continuous probability


distribution that describes data
that clusters around a mean.
PROPERTIES OF THE NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION

• 1. The graph is a continuous curve and has a


domain -∞ < X < ∞.
• 2. The graph is asymptotic to the x-axis. The
value of the variable gets closer and closer but
will never be equal to 0.
• 3. The highest point on the curve occurs at x =
μ (mean).
• 4. The median and mode of the distribution are also
found at the center of the graph. This indicates that
in a normal distribution, the mean, median and mode
are equal.

• 5. The curve is symmetrical about the mean.


• 6. The total area in the normal
distribution under the curve is equal to 1.
• 7. In general, the graph of a normal distribution is a bell-
shaped curve with two inflection points, one on the left and
another on the right. Inflection points are the points that
mark the change in the curve’s concavity.
• Inflection point is the point at which a change in the direction of
curve at mean minus standard deviation and mean plus standard
deviation.
• Note that each inflection point of the normal curve is one
standard deviation away from the mean.
• 8. Every normal curve corresponds to the
“empirical rule” (also called the 68 - 95 - 99.7%
rule):
• about 68.3% of the area under the curve falls within 1
standard deviation of the mean
• about 95.4% of the area under the curve falls within 2 standard
deviations of the

• about 99.7% of the area under the curve falls within 3


standard deviations of the mean.
• Consider the following examples:
• Suppose the mean is 60 and the standard deviation is 5,
sketch a normal curve for the distribution. This is how it
would look like.
• A continuous random variable X is normally
distributed with a mean of 45 and standard deviation
of 6. Illustrate a normal curve and find the probability
of the following:
• a. P (39 < X < 51) =
Since the area covered is
1 standard deviation,
therefore the probability
is 68.3%

P (39 < X < 51) = 68.3%


• A continuous random variable X is normally
distributed with a mean of 45 and standard deviation
of 6. Illustrate a normal curve and find the probability
of the following:
• b. P (33 < X < 63) = 97.55%
• A continuous random variable X is normally
distributed with a mean of 45 and standard deviation
of 6. Illustrate a normal curve and find the probability
of the following:
• c. P (X > 45) = 50%
• A continuous random variable X is normally
distributed with a mean of 45 and standard deviation
of 6. Illustrate a normal curve and find the probability
of the following:
• d. P (X < 39) = 15.85%
The Standard Normal Distribution
• The standard normal distribution, which is denoted by Z,
is also a normal distribution having a mean of 0 and a
standard deviation of 1. Since the normal distribution
can have different values for its mean and standard
deviation, it can be standardized by setting the μ = 0
and the
• As mentioned earlier, normal variable is standardized by
setting the mean to 0 and standard deviation to 1. This
is for the purpose of simplifying the process in
approximating areas for normal curves. As shown below
is the formula used to manually compute the

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