STRINGING & FINAL CHECKING OF

TRANSMISSION LINES
 STRINGING - METHODS
• Basically there are three methods of stringing
– Manual Method
– Tension Method
– Helicopter method
 STRINGING METHODS
• Manual Method:
– In this method, conductor is pulled along the
ground by means of a pulling vehicle. The
conductor drum shall be mounted on a drum
lifting jack.
– The major drawback is that surface condition of
the conductor will get damaged
 Tension stringing method

• This method is used to keep conductor surface safe during stringing process.
In this method, the conductor is kept under tension during the stringing
process to keep the conductor clear of the ground.
• A pulling line is initially pulled into the travelers which is then used to
pull the conductor from the reel stands using specially designed tensioners
and pullers.
• There are basically two types of pulling machines used in the construction of
transmission lines being strung under tension. These are defined as bullwheel and
drum/reel-type.
• Pullers should be equipped with load-indicating and load-limiting devices.
• Tensioners should be equipped with tension indicating devices. The capacities of the
puller and tensioner should be based on the conductor, span length, terrain, and
clearances required above obstructions.
• Sag tensions should never be exceeded during stringing. Required capacity for
both puller and tensioner can be calculated as mentioned in IEE 524.
• Positive braking systems are required for pullers and tensioners to
maintain conductor tension when pulling is stopped.
• The pulling and braking systems should operate smoothly and should not cause any
sudden jerking or bouncing of the conductor
 TENSION STRINGING – TOOLS AND PLANTS

• The following tools and plants are normally used.

• TSE Set (Tensioner & Puller of 8t/15t capacity).
• Running block for conductor
• Running block for Earthwire
• Head Board
• Pilot wire each of 800m length
• Pilot wire joint
• Ground roller for tension/Manual stringing
• Wire mesh Pulling grip (One end open) for conductor
• Wire mesh pulling grip (One end open for earth wire)
• Wire mesh pulling Grip (Both ends open) for Conductor
• Articulated joints
• Drum Mounting jack for conductor drum of 10T capcity
• Turn Table (5t capacity) Anchor plate with Anchor pins
• Hydraulic compressor machine of 100t capacity with die sets
• Travelling Ground
• Dynamometer(10t, 2t)
• Pilot wire reel stand
• Four sheave pulley with wire rope.
• Equalizer pulley
contd…….
 TENSION STRINGING – TOOLS AND PLANTS
• Conductor lifting Tackle
• Winch machine(Motorised/Manual)
• Come along clamp for conductor(Bolted & Automatic)
• Comealong clamp for Earthwire(Bolted & Automatic)
• Turn Buckle (10T, 3T)
• Sag Board
• Marking Roller
• Mismatch Roller
• Joint protector
• Walkie Talkie set
• Theodalite with stand
• Hydraulic conductor cutter
• Flags(Red & Green)
• Crow bar (1.8m length)
Hydraulic Tensioner (YK-YZ30A)

Details
• □ Essential parameter
Maximum Tension(kN):30
Continuous Tension(kN):25
Maximum speed (km/h):5
Bullwheel bottom of groove dia
meter(mm):Φ1200
Number of grooves:5
Maximum pullback (kN):20
Maximum suitable conductor di
ameter (mm): Φ32,
Engine power /speed
(kW/rpm)
:11/2200
Dimensions (mm): 3560
×1600
×2220
Weight(kg):1700
 Features of Tensioner (YK-YZ30A)

1. Bullwheel with wearproof MC nylon lining segments.

2. infinitely variable tension control and constant tension conductor
stringing .
3. it adapt Italian reducer .
4.spring applied hydraulic released brake acts automatically in case of
hydraulic failure to ensure safety
□ Main component :
1. Engine :Domestic water –cooled engine .
2 .Main pump/motor ,Chinese famous branded pump and motor .
3. Reducer :RR(Italian )
4. Radiator: AKG
5. Hydraulic instrument : WIKA
6.It can choose import
engine Uses:

It adequate to tension releasing various conducts and earthwires .and

also useful for tension releasing OPGW optic cable compounded earth
wire and ADSS self– stand optic cable .etc
Hydraulic Puller (YK-YQ30)

• Essential parameter
• Maximum linepull (kN):30
• Continuous linepull (kN):25
• Maximum linespeed (km/h):5
• Bullwheel bottom of
groove diameter(mm) :Φ300
• Bullwheel grooves
number : 7
• Maximum suitable
steelrope
diameter (mm): Φ13
• Maximum through
connector diameter (mm):
Φ40
• Engine power
/speed
(kW/rpm):31/2200
• Dimensions(mm):320
0×1600×2000
•
 Features of (YK-YQ30):
• 1. Infinitely variable speed and line control ,the pull in the
rope can be read on the line pull gauge .
• 2. The max pull for conductor –stringing operation can preset
,automatic overpull protection system .
• 3. Spring applied –hydraulic release brake acts automatically in
case of hydraulic failure ensure to safety .
• 4. Attached reel winder with automatically level wind .load
and unload conveniently .
• □ main component :
• 1.Chinese famous diesel engine.
• 2. Main pump:SAUER –SUNDSTRAND pump .main motor :
SAI techniques product .
• 3. Radiator:AKG
• 4.Hydraulic instrument:WIKA
• 5.Mating with model GSP950 drum
 Stringing tools

Pulley Automatic bolted-type-

clamp Chain pully
clamp
block

Engine-winch-
hydraulic-
compression die machine- diesel-5-
compressor
sets ton-capacity
machine-motorised
Equalizer- Eye-type-four- Four-Sheave-
pulley sheave pulley pulley

hydraulic-cond-cutter- kitto-
clamp open-type-
two-cup-up-to-40mm-
single sheave-
dia- acsr
pulley
OPGW-Cable- patta
Comealong clamp

pulley-
blocks
pilot wire
reel
 sag sagging- single-rope- snatch-
scope pulley pulley pulley

Turn-buckle-3t-
turn-table- 10t
snatch-
swivel-joint with- breaking
type- steel-
&
pulley
 HELICOPTER METHOD

• Conductor will be strung directly from the helicopter; as

• a result, most transmission line work will be performed
• without touching the ground or encroaching on the
• right-of-way.
• An aerial utility contractor will be hired as needed during
• each project’s conductor installation phase. Helicopters will
• fly in close proximity to the new transmission structures.
 Helicopter stringing overview
• 1. Utility linemen will be transferred to each structure via the helicopter; they will then
hang stringing wheels on each arm of the structure.
• 2. Rope is then hooked onto the helicopter and pulled through the stringing heels for
about 20,000 feet. Wire
• rope is then connected and pulled back the opposite way through the stringing
wheels.
• 3. Conductor is then pulled back through the stringing wheels using a machine located
on the ground (conductor is too heavy to be pulled by the helicopter).
• 4. Using the helicopter, the stringing wheels are removed from each arm while
attachments, including dampers to minimize vibration on the conductor, bird diverters
and spacers, are added.
Benefits
• Stringing transmission conductor using helicopters has numerous benefits, including:
• Decreases total project construction time
• Allows work in remote or inaccessible locations
• Reduces environmental impact
• Minimizes right-of-way intrusion
• Minimizes matting in sensitive areas
A utility lineman A utility lineman
attaches a spacer suspended from a
between cable attached to a
transmission helicopter hangs a
conductor stringing wheel.
Working from a platform A utility lineman prepares to
attached to a helicopter, a utility attach a spacer between
lineman attaches transmission conductor
a spacer between transmission
conductor
 STRINGING
• Steps involved
– After ensuring the tightness of all the bolts and
nuts the following activities will be started.
– Insulator hoisting along with aerial rollers
– Earthwire stringing
– Paying out the pilot wire
– Positioning of Stringing equipment
SPACER TROLLY ARRANGEMENT
What are the issues arise at the time of stringing

?
During stringing what should be strung first…

Conductor/ earth wire ?

Significance of earth wire stringing
What is the effect of stringing earth wire first ?
How should be jumper arrangement in various
types of T/M lines ?

What is the method for measuring jumper ?

DRUM SCHEDULING
 DRUM SCHEDULING
OBJECTIVE
• Effective utilization of the conductor
• To prevent Wastage of the conductor.
INPUTS
• Details of Tower Schedule
• Standard length of each drum.
•Receipt of Drums Details
BASIS:
• Knowledge of Usage of
cut lengths for Jumpers
and Short Spans.
• All the joints or splices shall be made at least 30 metres away from the tower
structures.
• No joints or splices shall be made in spans crossing over main roads, railways
and small river tension spans.
• Not more than one joint per sub conductor per span shall be allowed.
• Conductor drums have to be transported to the tensioner site as per the approved drum
schedule for the section to avoid wastage and small bit lengths being left over.
• The selection of drum shall be such that no mid span joint will come within 30mtrs of any
DRUM SCHEDULE
TOWER SCHEDULE
 HANDLING OF CONDUCTOR AND EARTHWIRE
• Handling and transporting of the conductor and accessories shall be carried out in such a manner
as to minimize the possibility of damages from abrasion through rough handling or dirt and grit
and getting into the reel of the conductor by touching or rubbing against ground or objects,
causing injury to the conductor etc.
• Particular care shall be taken at all times to ensure that the conductor do not become kinked
twisted or abraded in any manner. If the conductor is damaged, the section affected shall be
replaced or repaired by putting joint or using repair sleeves or polishing with emery cloth, so as to
give satisfactory performance.
• The conductor shall not be over strained during erection. The conductor shall be run out of the
drums from the top in order to avoid damage due to chaffing.
• Drum battens shall not be removed until conductor drums are properly mounted at the drum
station on the line, and battens shall be immediately refitted on the drum if any surplus conductor
is left thereon.
• Drums will be transported and positioned on station with the least possible amount of rolling,
immediately after running out, the conductor shall be raised at the supports to the level of the
clamps and placed into the running blocks.
• The grooves of the running blocks shall be of a design that the seat is semi-circular and larger
that
the diameter of conductor/earth wire and it does not slip over or rubs against the sides.
• The grooves shall be lined with hard rubber or neoprene to avoid damage to conductor and shall
be lined with hard rubber or neoprene to avoid damage to conductor and shall be mounted on
well oiled bearings.
• At all stages of construction proper care shall be taken so that the conductor surface is smooth
 HANDLING OF CONDUCTOR AND EARTHWIRE
• The running blocks shall be suspended in a manner to suit design of the cross-arm.
• All running blocks specially those at the tensioning end, will be fitted on the cross arms
with jute cloth wrapped over the steel works and under the sling to avoid damage to the
slings as well as the protective surface finish of the steel work.
• In case, section towers are used even for temporary terminations, if this be unavoidable,
they shall be well guyed and steps shall be taken to avoid damage.
• The drums shall be provided with a suitable breaking device to avoid damage, loose
running out and kinking of the conductor.
• The conductor shall be continuously observed for loose or broken strands or any
other
damage.
• When approaching end of a drum length at least three coils shall be left when the
stringing operations are stopped.
• These coils shall be removed carefully and if another and if another length is required to
be run out a joint shall be made as per the recommendations of the conductor
manufacturers.
• Normally, the joints shall be so made that these are not required to pass through running
out of blocks, the joints will be protected with suitable joint protector sleeves.
OPGW(optical ground wire)system:
 T&P for OPGW

Swive
Tensione Pulle l
r r

Pulle Pulling Anti-twisting

y grip devices
 Basic controls for OPGW stringing
• Strict controls must be established during installation to ensure that it is
performed correctly, without excess tension, twist of the OPGW,
unsuitable compression, regulating a correct sagging. Neither the fibers
nor the aluminum tube will be damaged
• The tensioner and the puller should be placed at a distance from the first
tower pulley which is equivalent to at least twice the height of the pulley.
• No obstacles must prevent the pulleys from rotating in the correct way.
Stringing speed:
• Stringing speed about 60 m/min, depending always on the environmental
conditions and the topology of the overhead line.
• pulling tension shall be lower than 1.5 times the weight (kg) of 1 km
OPGW cable length.
 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE FOR OPGW FIBER OPTIC CABLES

• OPGW Cable with optical fiber are similar to those used for installation of the standard
ground wire cable special care should be taken to avoid any damage to the fibers by
observing the minimum bending radius at all times
• Therefore, specific components and machinery are used for the OPGW cable: pullers,
tensioners, anti twisting counterweights, swivels, pulling grips, pulley-blocks, self-
gripping clamps, pulling ropes, pulling cables, etc
Survey of the line:
• The OPGW drum lengths are determined based on the following considerations:
position of the tension towers, tower access, distance between supports and crossing
with other lines, roads, railways, routes, services and other obstacles.
• The position of the splices depends on the maximum available length of OPGW, on the
position of the towers and the tower access.
 Transport, loading, unloading and storage:
• The drums should always be transported in vertical position with the cable ends
fixed to prevent cable from slackening. All of the staves and/or safeguards should
be maintained until the drums are situated for immediate installation.
• After the transport, the drums should be inspected to verify that they have not
been damaged and that none of the staves and/or safeguards are broken.
• The drums should never, under any circumstances, be thrown from the lorry
during unloading, nor moved by uncontrolled rolling.
• Loading and unloading are performed so that the drum ream ins in vertical
position and the sides of the drum are not damaged.
• The drums can be moved by rolling a short distance ensuring that there are no
objects that may damage the staves. The direction in which the drum turns
should be the same as that in which the cable is wound during manufacture.
• The drum should not be stored on its side under any circumstances
whatsoever.
• The ends of the cable should be sealed to prevent water penetration.
• The drums should be stored on flooring that is strong enough to prevent
sinking.
•
 Positioning the equipments
The drum must be located at a distance of 2 or 3 metres from the
tensioner. The lifting components usually used are hydraulic jacks
and a bar with the suitable dimensions inserted in the central
opening of the drum. The drum must be located at a height of 10
to 15 cm from the ground.
Puller and tensioner
Either the puller and the tensioner must be placed at a minimum
distance from the tower equal or greater than 2 times the height of
the tower. The tensioner as well as the puller should be placed
aligned with the conductors. The maximum acceptable deviation
angle is 30º. (a < 30 º see Figure)

If it is not possible to achieve this angle, the puller and/or the tensioner
are placed close to the following tower, using an additional pulling cable
of the required length.
90º or less retracking of the optic cable is not allowed.
The tensioner as well as the puller should be positioned at a
minimum distance equivalent to twice the height of the support to
which the cable is fastened.
 Positioning the equipments
 The tensioner must be equipped with a dynamometer (i). Its reels must be
protected with material that does not damage the outer layer of the OPGW cable.
 The puller must also be equipped with a dynamometer with automatic
disconnection in case of over tension on the cable.
 The pulling cable should be joined to the OPGW cable by a swivel and a
pulling grip
• The minimum diameter of the reels (where the OPGW is to be coiled) used during
the installation should be at least 80 times the diameter of the OPGW cable, with
no need of exceeding 1500mm. For example, the tensioner reels for a 15mm
cable should have a diameter of approximately 1.2 meters.
 In the tensioner, the first groove the cable will pass through must be
perpendicular to the axis of the drum. A double armour OPGW in the tensioner it
will enter from the left and leave from the right for right-hand lay sense (and from
the right and leave from the left for left-hand lay sense).
 Ground connection of the OPGW

the breaking device and the puller have to be suitably connected to the
ground by a system of moveable rollers

Ground connection of the OPGW

cable at the tensioner outlet
 Anti-twisting devices
• When a single or double layer OPGW cable is installed, an anti-twisting system is required
to compensate the inherent effect of torque of the OPWG cable.
• This device is always positioned at the pulling head of the OPGW cable and equipped
with two counterweights placed at a distance that is at least 3 meters one from the other.
• In this way that when one counterweight goes through the pulley the other is operative.
• Another anti-twisting device is installed at the end of the OPGW cable just before it leaves
the tensioner.
• The weight of the anti-twisting devices has to be high enough to prevent OPGW cable
rotation.
• The minimum values recommended for each counterweight are as follows:
• - Spans <300 m 12 kg
• - Spans 300 m - 700 m 15 kg
• - Spans > 700 m 20 kg
• For Installation length longer than 4000 meters these values should be increased by 5
kg.
• Special precaution must be taken in order to not rotate the cable inside the
counterweights, due to unsuitable or incorrect tightening, during tightening process
special attention has to be taken on using the appropriate clamp range and correct
installation procedure, in order to not damage the OPGW cable
 STEPS OF STRINGING:

The stringing procedure is broadly divided into the following steps:

• Paying out & stringing of conductor.

• Paying out & stringing of earthwire
• Final sagging of earthwire and conductor.
• Clipping and fixing of accessories.
 What is guying ?
GUYING OF TOWERS

• Before commencing of stringing, the angle towers where the stringing is to be started
have to be provided with guy supports for all the phases.

What are the precautions which should be taken at the time of guying?

• The guys used generally are 20 mm steel wire rope. The guys are attached to the
tower at the tip of the cross arm , to the strain plates with suitable D-shackles.

• The guys are anchored in the ground at an angle of 45 deg. or less from the
horizontal, attached to dead end anchors .

• The guy wire is attached to the dead end anchor wire with the help of turn
buckles of
10 tons capacity.

• After pulling up the slackness in guy, it is tightened by the turn buckle.

• Excessive tightening of guy should be avoided. It is advisable to tighten the guy

progressively at the time of rough sagging of the conductor.
 INSULATOR
• HOISTING :
In 132 KV and 220 KV transmission lines, suspension insulator strings are used on all suspension
'A' type towers (upto a deviation of 2 degrees) and tension insulator strings are used on 'B' and 'C'
type Tension towers.

• In 400 KV lines V-type insulator strings are used on all suspension A-O and A-5 towers (up to a
deviation of 5 degrees). Double tension insulator strings are used at all B-30, C-60 and DE type
Tension towers.

• The number of insulator units to be used on various types of strings are vary.
• Double suspension insulator strings are used in 132 KV & 220 KV lines on Suspension towers of
River and Power line Crossings only.

• Double Tension insulator strings are used in 132 KV & 220 KV lines on Tension towers of
Railway, River and Power Line Crossings only

What are the precautions which should be taken at the time of insulator hoisting?
 INSULATOR HOISTING:
PRECAUTIONS:
• After opening of the crates, insulators shall be laid in series, on wooden
planks below the suspension points.
• The insulators shall be cleaned with water and wiped dry with cloth free from
grease and oil.
• Insulators shall be checked for any chipping or crack and shall be replaced
with new one.
• The no. of insulators required for string shall be joined and R clips in the
clevis shall be expanded to avoid slippage of the pin.
• The hardware of the string on the tower side is assembled and joined
to the
first insulator by ball eye.
• The bottom insulator is joined to the twin moose roller. The neoprene rubber
cushion on the outer rollers shall be checked for any cracks/wearing out and
shall be changed if required.
• A single sheave pulley is fixed to the cross arm very near to the suspension
hanger. A 20 mm polypropylene rope is passed through the pulley.
• Both the end of the rope is brought to the ground. One end of the rope is
firmly tied below the 3rd or 4th insulator. The complete string with roller is
lifted up by pulling the rope through a pulley attached to one of the tower
legs by using tractor/manually.
• After reaching the top the string is attached to the suspension hanger and
string is released slowly to hang free.
 Precautions shall be taken for hosting of insulator strings:

• i.)The insulator strings shall be assembled on the ground before hosting.

• ii.)The strings shall be fixed on the towers just prior to the stringing of conductors.
• iii.)It shall be ensured that all current carrying parts are smooth and without dirt, grit,
cuts, abrasions, projections etc.
• iv.)Damaged insulators and strings shall not be used in the assemblies. Insulators
which have cracks or chip or those having glazing defects exceeding half a centimeter
Sq. shall not be used
• v.)Before hosting all insulators shall be deemed in a manner that will not spoil, injure
or scratch the glaze of the porcelain, but in no case shall any oil be used for this
purpose.
• vi.)Security clips shall be placed properly in position for the insulator assemblies
before hosting.
• vii.)For 132 KV and 220 KV lines in suspension strings the arcing horns are used on line
side only and in tension strings the arcing horn are used both on line and tower sides
• viii.)Arcing horns and Anti-corona rings shall be fitted as per recommended practice of
the manufacturer/supplier.
Way of fitting of C.C. RINGS &
GRADING RINGS ?

C.C. GRADING
RING RING
 PAYING OUT OF PILOT WIRE:
• A pilot wire is used to pull the conductor. The pilot wire is
initially laid through the centre wheel of the roller.
• A 12 mm dia pilot wire is generally used for pulling of twin
moose conductor.
• The pilot wire can be laid length by length and joined with pilot
wire connectors or it can be pulled from one side of the section
after each drum is paid out.
• At power line crossings, the pilot wire is laid from both sides
and free ends are joined after obtaining the shutdown of
power line.
• Scaffolding shall be provided for P&T and road crossing before
paying out of the pilot wire.
 POSITION OF TENSIONER AND PULLER:
• The paying out of conductor is done generally between two
tension towers.
• The puller machine can be positioned behind the tension
tower on one side and the tensioner in front of the tension
tower on the other side.
• Both the machine should be securely anchored.
• Reel winder shall be positioned at a convenient distance
behind the puller.
• The distance of the drums from the tensioner shall be at
least 25 to 30 mtrs.
 Puller and tensioner operating characteristics :

• Semicircular grooves with depths in the order of 0.5 or more times the conductor
diameter and with flare angles in the order of 5° to 15° from the vertical generally
have been found to be satisfactory for stringing.
• The number of grooves in the bull wheel must be sufficient to prevent the outer
layer of wires of multilayer conductors from slipping over underlying layers.
• In order to avoid loosening of outer layer of strands as it passes on bull
wheel, for normal conductors having a right-hand direction of lay for the outer
wires, bull wheels should be arranged so that, when facing in the direction of pull,
the conductor will enter the bull wheel on the left and pull off from the right side
and will enter the bull wheel on the right and pull off from the left side for
normal conductor with outer layer having left had direction of lay.
• The material and finish of the grooves must be such as not to damage the surface
of the conductor.
 PAYING OUT OF CONDUCTOR:

• For passing the conductor through the bull wheels of the

tensioner,a 25 mm polypropylene rope is initially wound
over each bull wheel pair in same way as the conductor
will pass during running. The ropes are connected to the
conductors.
• The rope is pulled by starting the tensioner at low pay
out tension to pass the conductor through bull wheel
and are brought out through the guide rollers.
• The pilot wire is attached to the other end of conductor
with swivel joint.
PAYIONG-OUT OF CONDUCTOR
 PAYING OUT OF CONDUCTOR:

• At the puller side, the pilot wire is pulled to remove

slackness using the reel winder. The wire is passed
through bull wheel of the puller and connected to the
reel winder machine.
• The tensioner can be initially set for a tension of 2 to 2.5
tonnes.
• The puller is started to draw up the pilot wire until the
bull wheels of the tensioner start moving.
• The tension in the tensioner must be adjusted so that the
conductors travel well over the ground.
ROUGH SAGGING OF CONDUCTOR:

• Before final sagging the conductor, it is rough sagged to a tension

slightly less than the final tension.
• Since final sagging is done from one end of the section, the
conductor is initially attached to the double tension string assembly
on other end.
• Double tension string assembly is assembled with insulators
and hardware and hoisted to the cross arm.
• The dead end cone is compressed on both the sub conductors
ends. The conductor is held by come-along clamps at a distance of
5 to 6 mtrs.
• From the dead end cone and with the help of a pulley connected
to a ground anchor, the conductor is pulled to slacken the free end
of the conductor.
• By holding the conductor with pulley, the dead end cones are
attached to the tension string. The pulley is slowly released. the
come-along clamp and pulley etc. are removed.
 STRINGING – ROUGH SAGGING
• Pilot wire is connected to the conductor throuh head
board.
• Pilot wire will be pulled with the help of puller by
maintaining required tension on the conductor with
the help of Tensioner.
• Conductor will be pulled up to the rough sag level.
• Will not be allowed at rough sag level for more than
96 hours.
 STRINGING OF EARTHWIRE:
• Paying out of Earthwire:
• Normally stringing of earthwire is done manually since handling of earthwire
is easy and it does not get damaged easily.
• First, earthwire rollers are provided on the earthwire peaks of all the
suspension towers in the section.
• A lineman/fitter may be kept on each tower to ensure free running of rollers
with red and green flag and whistle.
• Earthwire is pulled from tower to tower manually or by using tractor.
• After reaching the next tower the earthwire is passed through the suspended
earthwire rollers with the help of a polypropylene rope and paying out is
continued further.
• After one length of earthwire reel is exhausted, the second length of wire is
paid out for the balance section.
• Midspan joint for earthwire is compressed on the ground joining the two
lengths.
 How Final sag is done? What are the various
steps involved ?

Temperature difference should be considered or not

during final sag ?

What are the consequences of not changing the sag

board for overall day temperatures?
FINAL SAGGING OF CONDUCTOR:

• The sagging of the conductor shall be done using

sagging winches. After being rough sagged the
conductor shall be allowed to hang in the
stringing blocks for more than 96 hrs. before
being pulled to the specified sag.
• The tensioning and sagging shall be done in
accordance with the approved stringing charts
before the conductors are finally attached to the
towers through the insulator strings.
Preparation of Stringing Chart

• Eq. Span less than Normal Span

32 deg.C No wind condition.
• Eq. Span more than Normal Span
32 deg.C Full wind condition.
Catenary curve
 Preparation of Stringing Chart
• Eq. Span less than Normal span
– For conductor
• All the calculation shall be based upon maximum working tension
of 3614 kgs at 32 deg. C and no wind pressure provided that
tension of 8048 kgs at 32 deg. C and 161 kg/sqm. Wind pressure
is not exceeded.
– For Earthwire
• All the calculation shall be based upon maximum working tension
of 1212 kgs at 32 deg. C and no wind pressure provided that
tension of 3360 kgs at 32 deg. C and 200 kg/sqm. Wind pressure is
not exceeded.
 Preparation of Stringing Chart
• Eq. Span more than Normal span
– For conductor
• All the calculation shall be based upon maximum working tension
of 8048 kgs at 32 deg. C and 161 kg/sqm. Wind pressure provided
that tension of 3614 kgs at 32 deg. C and no wind is not
exceeded.
– For Earthwire
• All the calculation shall be based upon maximum working tension
of 3360 kgs at 32 deg. C and 200 kg/sqm. wind pressure
provided that tension of 1212 kgs at 32 deg. C and no wind is not
exceeded
 STRINGING – FINAL SAGGING
• Sag boards are tied.
• Final sagging will be carried out with the help
of winch machine.
• Check the final sag.
• Mark the conductor.
• Connect to the tower with the help of tension
clamp
 STRINGING – CLIPPING &
SPACERING
• After completion of final sagging.
• Clipping work will be carried out at all the
suspension towers.
• Spacers will be placed as per the spacer
placement chart.
 FINISHING ACTIVITIES – STEPS AND
PRECAUTIONS
• CLIPPING AND SPACERING
– Before taking up clipping, the conductor should be
earthed to avoid any electrical hazards.
– Conductor should be marked properly to ensure
the verticality of the insulator string after placing
the suspension clamps.
– Ensure to provide specified No. of armour rods.
 FINISHING ACTIVITIES – STEPS AND
PRECAUTIONS
• All the other components of suspension
clamps have been properly provided as
specified
• None of the components of suspension
clamps is damaged.
• All the bolts & nuts have been properly
tightened.
• All the split pins have been provided
 FINISHING ACTIVITIES – STEPS AND
PRECAUTIONS
• SPACER FIXING
– Spacers shall be provided as per approved
placement chart.
– Necessary precaution shall be taken while crossing
any LT/HT line.
– All components of the spacer shall be properly
fitted as per the approved drawing.
– None of the components shall be damaged.
• Requisite No. of retaining rods are
provided.
What should be the jumper arrangement in
various types of T/M lines?
 What is the method for measuring jumper ?
– Ensure proper earthing
– Length of the jumper shall be carefully measured to ensure the
parabolic shape with requisite live metal clearance and the jumper
drop.
– Ensure the sub conductor lengths so that jumper lies in horizontal
position.
• Jumper cone shall be compressed as per the approved drawing.
• All nuts and bolts shall be properly tightened.
• Spacers shall be provided as per specifications.
• Ensure correct No. of insulators in the pilot insulator strings and use
balancing weights if required
 FINISHING ACTIVITIES – STEPS AND
PRECAUTIONS
• Jumper cone shall be compressed as per the
approved drawing.
• All nuts and bolts shall be properly
tightened.
• Spacers shall be provided as per
specifications.
• Ensure correct No. of insulators in the pilot insulator
strings and use balancing weights if required.
 FINSHING ACTIVITIES – FINAL
CHECKING
• Once the line is completed in all respects final
checking of the line is to be carried out to identify
balance left over works and attend the same
immediately.
• As per POWERGRID’s practice a team comprising of
Executives/JEs , Technicians shall be assigned to
check the line thoruoughly to identify any defects as
per the prescribed format.
 FINISHING ACTIVITIES – FINAL
CHECKING
• The following are normally checked during the
final checking.
• Backfilling is complete
• Coping is completed
• Earthing is completed
• Left over soil of the excavation is uniformly
distributed.
 FINISHING ACTIVITIES – FINAL
CHECKING
• Any missing/buckled tower members
• All the dummy holes are bolted or not
• All the bolts & nuts are fixed
• All the statutory requirements such as
NP/DP/PP/ACD’s are fixed or not.
• Any broken insulators are existing.
• Correct No. of insulators used
 FINSHING ACTIVITIES – FINAL
CHECKING
• All the hardware fittings are fixed
• Jumpers are properly placed and their
clearance is in order
• Requisite No. of armour rods are provided at
suspension clamps.
• Check all the cotter/split pins are provided.
• Damages to the conductor.
 FINISHING ACTIVITIES – FINAL
CHECKING
• Requisite No. of spacers are provided.
• Minimum Ground clearance at the nul point.
• Vibration dampers are fixed as per the damper
placement chart.
• Any damages to the earthwire and its fittings.
• Earth wire VD are placed as per the placement
chart.
• All the copper bonds are provided.
 FINISHING ACTIVITIES – FINAL
CHECKING

• Any trees are existing in the right of way.

• Minimum clearance is available at power
line/NH/Railway line crossings etc.
• Any deviations shall be recorded and
signatures of both the checking person and
the representative from construction
department shall sign the formats.
 FINISHING ACTIVITIES – FINAL
CHECKING
• All the defects identified by the final
checking team are to be attended by the
contractor. The same shall be ensured by
carrying out the final checking of the locations
where defects are identified before giving
submitting the application for final charging
to CEA.
• Thank you….