Normal

Distribution
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
1.The distribution curve is bell-shaped.
2.The curve is symmetrical about its center.
3.The mean, median and mode coincide at the center.
4.The width of the curve is determined by the standard deviation of
the distribution.
5.The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely along the horizontal
axis, always approaching the axis but never touching it. That is,
the curve is asymptotic to the base line.
6.The area under the curve is 1. Thus it represents the probability
or proportion or the percentage associated with specific sets of
measurement values.
TABLE OF AREAS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE
The z-table
Z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
1.0 .341 .343 .346 .348 .350 .353 .355 .357 .359 .362
3 8 1 5 8 1 4 7 9 1
1.1 .364 .366 .368 .370 .372 .374 .377 .379 .381 .383
Note: The 3 5 6 8 9 9 0 0 0 0
area given 1.2 .384 .386 .388 .390 .392 .394 .396 .398 .399 .401
is from 0 to 9 9 8 7 5 4 2 0 7 5
the z-value. 1.3 .403 .404 .406 .408 .409 .411 .413 .414 .416 .417
2 9 6 2 9 5 1 7 2 7
1.4 .419 .410 .422 .423 .425 .426 .427 .429 .430 .431
2 7 2 6 1 5 9 2 6 9
1.5 .433 .434 .435 .437 .438 .439 .440 .441 .442 .444
2 5 7 0 2 4 6 8 9 1
1.6 .445 .446 .447 .448 .449 .450 .451 .452 .453 .454
TABLE OF AREAS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE
The z-table For values of z above 3.09, use 0.4999 for the area.

Z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
2.0 .477 .477 .478 .478 .479 .479 .480 .480 .481 .481
2 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 2 7
2.1 .482 .482 .483 .483 .483 .484 .484 .485 .485 .485
Note: The 1 6 0 4 8 2 6 0 4 7
2.2 .486 .486 .486 .487 .487 .487 .488 .488 .488 .489
area given 1 4 8 1 5 8 1 4 7 0
is from 0 to 2.3 .489 .489 .489 .490 .490 .490 .490 .491 .491 .491
the z-value. 3 6 8 1 4 6 9 1 3 6
2.4 .491 .492 .492 .492 .492 .492 .493 .493 .493 .493
8 0 2 5 7 9 1 2 4 6
2.5 .493 .494 .494 .494 .494 .494 .494 .494 .495 .495
8 0 1 3 5 6 8 9 1 2
2.6 .495 .495 .495 .495 .495 .496 .496 .496 .496 .496
Steps in Finding the Area Under the
Normal Curve Using the z-table
1. Express the given z-value in 3-digit form.
Example:
z=1 z=
1.00
z= z=
2.5 2.50
z= z=
0.1 0.10
Steps in Finding the Area Under the
Normal Curve Using the z-table
2. Using the z-table, find the first two digits
on the left column.
3. Match the third digit with the appropriate
column on the right.
Example:
z=1 z=
Step 1.00
3
Z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
Step 1.0 .341 .343 .346 .348 .350 .353 .355 .357 .359 .362
2 3 8 1 5 8 1 4 7 9 1
Steps in Finding the Area Under the
Normal Curve Using the z-table
4. Read the area (or probability) at the
intersection of the row and the column. This
is the required area.

Example:
z=1 z=
Step 1.00
3
Z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
Step 1.0 .341 .343 .346 .348 .350 .353 .355 .357 .359 .362
2 3 8 1 5 8 1 4 7 9 1
Step
EMPIRICAL RULE

 is better known as 68% - 95% - 99.70%

rule.
 states that the data in the distribution lies
within one (1), two (2), and three (3) of the
standard deviation from the mean are
approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.70%,
respectively.
 9
Using the empirical rule, you can say that the
distribution of the grades of the Senior High School
in Statistics and Probability are distributed
normally because the shape of the graph is bell-
shaped and symmetric about its mean, which is
87.
 10

It can summarize the distribution in the following

percentage:
 68% of data lies within 1 standard deviation
from the mean have a grade of 83 to 91;
 95% of data lies within 2 standard deviations
from the mean have a grade of 79 to 95; and
 99.70% of data lies within 3 standard
deviations from the mean have a grade of 83 to
9.
 11

EXAMPLE
The scores of the Senior High School
students in their Statistics and Probability
quarterly examination are normally
distributed with a mean of 35 and a
standard deviation of 5.
a. What percent of the scores are between
30 to 40?
b. What scores fall within 95% of the
distribution?
 12

SOLUTION
a. The scores 30 to 40 falls within the first standard
deviation from the mean. Therefore, the scores
that fall between 30 and 40 is approximately 68%
of the distribution.
 13

SOLUTION
b. Since 95% of the distribution lies within 2
standard deviations from the mean, then the
scores corresponding to this area of the
distribution are scores from 25 up to 45.
TABLE OF AREAS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE
The z-table
Z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
0.0 .000 .004 .008 .012 .016 .019 .023 .027 .031 .035
0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9
0.1 .039 .043 .047 .051 .055 .059 .063 .067 .071 .075
Note: The 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 4 3
area given 0.2 .079 .083 .087 .091 .094 .098 .102 .106 .110 .114
is from 0 to 3 2 1 0 8 7 6 4 3 1
the z-value. 0.3 .117 .121 .125 .129 .133 .136 .140 .144 .148 .151
9 7 5 3 1 8 6 3 0 7
0.4 .155 .159 .162 .166 .170 .173 .177 .180 .184 .187
4 1 8 4 0 6 2 8 4 9
0.5 .191 .195 .198 .201 .205 .208 .212 .215 .219 .222
5 0 5 9 4 8 3 7 0 4
0.6 .225 .229 .232 .235 .238 .242 .245 .248 .251 .254
Steps in Finding the Area Under the
Normal Curve Using the z-table
1. Express the given z-value in 3-digit form.
Example:
z=1 z=
1.00
z= z=
2.5 2.50
z= z=
0.1 0.10
Steps in Finding the Area Under the
Normal Curve Using the z-table
2. Using the z-table, find the first two digits
on the left column.
3. Match the third digit with the appropriate
column on the right.
Example:
z=1 z=
Step 1.00
3
Z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
Step 1.0 .341 .343 .346 .348 .350 .353 .355 .357 .359 .362
2 3 8 1 5 8 1 4 7 9 1
Steps in Finding the Area Under the
Normal Curve Using the z-table
4. Read the area (or probability) at the
intersection of the row and the column. This
is the required area.

Example:
z=1 z=
Step 1.00
3
Z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
Step 1.0 .341 .343 .346 .348 .350 .353 .355 .357 .359 .362
2 3 8 1 5 8 1 4 7 9 1
Step
Learning Probability
Notation
The following notations for random variable are used
in the various solutions concerning the normal curve.

P(a<z<b) denotes the probability that the z-

score is between a and b.

P(z>a) denotes the probability that the z-score

is greater than a.

P(z<a) denotes the probability that the z-score

is less than a.
Learning Probability Notation: CASE 1

z
“greater than z”

“at least z”

“more than z”
“to the right of z
z”
“above z”
Learning Probability Notation: CASE 2

“less than z”
z
“at most z”
“no more than
z”
z
“to the left of z”

“below z”
W3
Determine each of the following areas and show
these graphically.
1. above z = 1.46 Use probability notation in your
final answer.
2. below z = 0.58
6. to the right of z =
3. between z = -0.78 1.32
and 7. to the left of z =
z = -1.95 2.78
4. between z = 0.76 8. at most z = -1.5
and 9. at least z = 1
z = 2.88 10. at least z = -2
5. between z = -0.92
Exploring the z-score
z-score
The areas under the normal curve
are given in terms of z-values or
scores.
Either the z-scores locates X within a
sample or within a population.
Exploring the z-score
z-score
The formula for calculating z
is:
Exploring the z-score
Consider this situation: READING SCORES

Given the mean, μ = 50 and

the standard deviation, σ = 4 of
a population of Reading Scores.
Find the z-value that
corresponds to a score X = 58.
Exploring the z-score
Consider this situation: READING SCORES
SOLUTION: Step
1

𝐗 −𝛍
Use the
computing
formula for
𝐳=
𝛔
finding z-scores
of population
data
Exploring the z-score
Consider this situation: READING SCORES
SOLUTION: Step
2
Check the given
values. Since
these are  μ = 50
population σ = 4
values, the z-
score locates X
 X = 58
within a
Exploring the z-score
Consider this situation: READING SCORES
SOLUTION: Step
3

Substitute the 𝟓𝟖−𝟓𝟎

given values in
𝒛=
𝟒
the computing
formula.
Exploring the z-score
Consider this situation: READING SCORES
SOLUTION: Step
4

Computing z- 𝟖
𝒛 = =𝟐
value.
𝟒
Thus, the z-value that corresponds to the
raw score 58 is 2 in a population
distribution.
Exploring the z-score
Consider this situation: READING SCORES
What does the results mean?
Conclusion:
With respect to
the mean, the score
58 is above the
population mean.
We can also say
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 that the score 58 is
3 4 4 X=50 5 5 6 above average.
PERCENTILE, Z-SCORES and AREAS
UNDER NORMAL CURVE
Things to
remember:
 A probability value corresponds to
an area under the normal curve
 The numbers in the body of the
table are areas or probabilities
 The z-scores to the left of the mean
are negative values
EXAMPLE 1
Find the 95th percentile of a normal curve.
By definition of P95, this means locating an area before
(or below) the point. We have to determine the z-value at this
point.
STEP 1: Draw the
appropriate normal curve 0.4
50
STEP 2: Express the 0
percentage as probability: 00
5
0. 0
95% = 0.9500
STEP 3: Split 0.9500 into
0.5000 + 0.4500
STEP 4: Locate the area
0.4500 in the table
EXAMPLE 1
Find the 95th percentile of a normal curve.
By definition of P95, this means locating an area before
(or below) the point. We have to determine the z-value at this
point.
STEP 5: Locate the exact
area.
0.4
The z-values nearest 50
0
to 0.4500 is z=1.65 0
0
(0.4505) and z=1.64 5
0. 0
(0.4495) Z=
1.645
By linear interpolation, we
get
EXAMPLE 1
Find the 95th percentile of a normal curve.
By definition of P95, this means locating an area before
(or below) the point. We have to determine the z-value at this
point.

The shaded 0.4

50
region is the 00
0
5
95th 0. 0
Z=
percentile of 1.645

the normal
curve.
EXAMPLE 2
Find the upper 10% of the normal curve
STEP 1: Draw the STEP 4: The closest value to 0.4000 is
normal curve. 0.3997, which is z = 1.28
STEP 2: 10% is
0.1000
STEP 3: upper 10%
means to the
remaining 0.1000
area to the right of Z = 1.28
the mean
Solution:
0.5000-0.1000 =
0.4000
EXAMPLE 2
Find the upper 10% of the normal curve

The shaded
region is the
upper 10% of Z = 1.28
the normal
curve.
EXAMPLE 3
The results of a nationwide aptitude test in
mathematics are normally distributed with =80 and s
= 15. What is the percentile rank of the score 84?
Note: This means we have to find the percentage of
the scores below 84.

STEP 1: Convert the raw score to z-score.

EXAMPLE 3
The results of a nationwide aptitude test in
mathematics are normally distributed with =80 and s
= 15. What is the percentile rank of the score 84?
STEP 2: Locate

0. 4
10
z = 0.27 in the

6
normal curve.
STEP 3: Find the total 00
5
area below 0. 0 Z = 0.27
z=0.27(0.1064).
Solution:
0.5000 + 0.1064 =
0.6064
EXAMPLE 3
The results of a nationwide aptitude test in
mathematics are normally distributed with =80 and s
= 15. What is the percentile rank of the score 84?
Solution:

0. 4
10
0.5000 + 0.1064 =

6
0.6064
The 500
0. 0 Z = 0.27
percentile
rank of the
score 84 is
60.64.
Activity 1
Using Probabilities to Determine
Frequencies
Given 10,000 scores in Biology, the
distribution of scores is normally
shaped with μ = 100 and σ= 14.
How are you going to find the raw
score that corresponds to z = 1, 2,
3, -1, -2, and -3?
Activity 1
Solutio
n:
At the right of the mean, the raw
score that corresponds to z = 1 is μ
+ 1s. Thus, X = 100 + (1)(14) = 100
+ 14 = 114.
Now, find the raw score that corresponds to
the values of other z-scores.
Activity 1
Using Probabilities to Determine
Frequencies

Given 10,000 scores in Biology, the

distribution of scores is normally
shaped with μ = 100 and σ= 14.
How many students got the score
between 114 to 128?
Activity 1
Solutio
n:
Step 1: Determine the z-value corresponding
the scores and draw the normal curve.
For scores between 114 and 128:
the z-value corresponding 114 is z
= 1 and the z-value corresponding 128 is z
=2 Region between
z = 1 and z = 2
Activity 1
Solutio
n:
Step 2: Determine the area between the given
region.
For region between z = 1(0.3413) and z =
2(0.4772):
0.4772 – 0.3413 = 0.1359 or 13.59%

13.59
%
Activity 1
Solutio
n:
Step 3: Determine the number of frequency
given the percentage.
The 13.59% of 10,000
10,000 (0.1359) = 1,359 students
1,359 students got
the score between
114 and 128
Answer this.
1. Suppose IQ scores are normally distributed with a mean of
100 and standard deviation of 10. If your IQ is 85, what is
your z-score? (Round off your answer to the nearest
hundredths)
2. The heights of teachers in Sta. Catalina National High School
are normally distributed with a mean of 150 cm and standard
deviation of 15 cm. The height of Sir Victor has a z-score of
3.25. What is the actual height of Sir Victor? (Round off your
answer to the nearest hundredths)
3. The time it takes for a cell to divide is normally distributed
with an average of 60 minutes and standard deviation of 5
minutes. How long will it take for a given cell to divide if its
“mitosis” has a z-score of -1.35?

4. The mean number of hours a Filipino worker spends on the

computer is 3.1 hours per workday. Suppose the spending time is
normally distributed with a standard deviation of 0.5 hour, find
the percentage of workers who spend less than 3.5 hours on the
computer assuming that the variable is normally distributed.
5. Each month, a Filipino household generates an average
of 28 pounds of newspaper for garbage or recycling.
Assume that the distribution is normal with a standard
deviation of 2 pounds. If a household is selected at
random, find the probability of its generating
a. between 27 and 31 pounds per month.
b. more than 30.2 pounds per month.
 SEATWORK
 The Delta Automobile Association reports that the
average time it takes to respond to an emergency
call is 35 minutes. Assume the variable is
approximately normal and the standard deviation
is 5.5 minutes. If 200 calls are randomly selected,
approximately how many were responded in less
than 25 minutes?
 4
SEATWORK 9
Directions: Supply the needed information by solving the
missing value.

1.x = 25, μ= 40, σ = 6, z = ?

2.z = -2.25, μ= 218, σ = 36, x = ?
3.x = 39, μ= 30, σ = 3, z = ?
4.x = 125, μ= 105, σ = 8, z = ?
5.z = 1.11, μ= 145, σ = 20, x =?
 Performance Task: Statistics and
Probability
A.Make a creative graphic organizer presenting
Random Variables. Notebook
Rubric: Content 10|Creativity 10|Timeliness
5
B. Problem Solving (Normal Distribution)
(see task sheet) – by pair
Rubric: (per item) Solution 10 | Final Answer
15
Performance Task: Statistics and
Probability
Problem Solving: Read each problem carefully, write the step-by-step
solution and final answer in your notebook.

1. Nine hundred thirty-two (932) businessmen accepted the Mayaman

Challenge of one of the Philanthropic Filipinos who are willing to give
relief goods for our fellow Filipinos affected by the recent calamity.
They will be contributing an average of 135 sacks of rice with a
standard deviation of 15 sacks of rice.
- What is the probability that the businessman will contribute less than
105 sacks of rice?
- What is the probability that the businessman will contribute more than
150 sacks of rice?
- How many businessmen will contribute a sack of rice between 105
sacks to 145 sacks?
Performance Task: Statistics and
Probability
2. The ages of Senior High students enrolled at Sta. Catalina
National High School are normally distributed with a mean of
17 years and a standard deviation of 2.5 years. If a student is
selected at random, what is the probability that his age is
under 16 years?

3. The weekly sales of ABM students on their “Go Business”

project are normally distributed with a mean of P4,250 and a
standard deviation of P300. How many percent of their weekly
sales are over P4,700?