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02. Microprocessor Basics

The document provides an overview of microprocessor basics, covering essential concepts such as computer architecture (Von-Neumann, Princeton, Harvard), pipelined organization, RISC and CISC architectures, and the role of registers and memory. It also discusses digital electronics, instruction recognition and decoding, and arithmetic logic units. Key topics include the advantages and limitations of different architectures, memory types, and number systems used in microprocessors.

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dhanushk6305
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

02. Microprocessor Basics

The document provides an overview of microprocessor basics, covering essential concepts such as computer architecture (Von-Neumann, Princeton, Harvard), pipelined organization, RISC and CISC architectures, and the role of registers and memory. It also discusses digital electronics, instruction recognition and decoding, and arithmetic logic units. Key topics include the advantages and limitations of different architectures, memory types, and number systems used in microprocessors.

Uploaded by

dhanushk6305
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Microprocessor

Basics

1
Computer Basics

Registers and Memory

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Control Logic

2
Computer Basics

3
Architecture

• What is Von-Neumann Architecture


• Describe each unit of Von-Neumann Architecture

4
Architecture

• What is Princeton Architecture?


• What is the advantage of Princeton Architecture?

5
Princeton Architecture

Source: http://www.nataliavisalli.it/levis/computer/EE46.htm
6
Architecture

• What is Harvard Architecture?


• What is the advantage of Harvard Architecture?
• How is separate data and instruction access is managed
• How it impacts pipelined organization?

7
Harvard Architecture

Source: http://gaintechknowledge.blogspot.in/2012/09/harvard-architecture.html

8
Organization

• What is Pipelined Organization?


• How Pipeline stages decided?
• What is the impact of pipelined organization on performance?

9
Pipelined Organization

Source: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Microprocessor_Design/Pipelined_Processors

10
Architecture

• What is RISC Architecture?


• What is hard-wired instructions?
• What is Load-Store Architecture?
• What is Register based Organization?
• How RISC improve performance at lesser clock
• How RISC is more power optimized
• What is limitation of RISC

11
Architecture

• What is CISC Architecture?


• Why CISC is not pipeline optimized?

12
Registers and Memory

13
Registers

• What is a register?
• What is the advantage of register with respect to memory?
• How is register addressed?

14
Number System

• How binary number can be used to address register or


memory?
• How is memory capacity decided on the basis of number of
address bits?

15
Memory

• Which memory is suited for boot code?


• Which memory is suited for main memory?
• Where we can use Flash Memory?
• What is difference between hard-disc and Flash?

16
Control Logic

17
Digital Electronics

• What is a decoder?
• How does a binary decoder works?
• What is the use of K-Map in decoder design?

18
Instruction

• What is instruction
• How is an instruction recognized
• How is instruction decoded

OPCODE OPERAND

Source: http://www.co-pylit.org/courses/COSC2425/lectures/Encoding/index.html

19
Instruction

• What is control logic


• How is decoded logic used to operate with instructions

20
Arithmetic Logic Unit

21
Number System

• Why binary numbers are used in microprocessor?


• What is hexadecimal number format?
• How is binary number used for decoding?

22
Adder

• What is an adder
• How adder does addition
• How adder generates carry

Source: http://vsagar.com/2011/11/4-bit-binary-subtractor-circuit/

23
Addition-Subtraction

• What is sign of a number?


• What is signed addition?
• What is signed subtraction?
• What is overflow after signed addition or signed subtraction?

24
Logical Shift

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_shift

25
Rotate – Circular Shift

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROtate_Left

26
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