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Stat2 2

The document outlines the process of hypothesis testing, including formulating null and alternative hypotheses, selecting significance levels, and computing test statistics. It provides examples to illustrate these concepts, focusing on real-life applications such as average incomes and prices. The lesson emphasizes the importance of understanding parameters and statistics in evaluating claims about populations.

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melton a. Merza
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25 views40 pages

Stat2 2

The document outlines the process of hypothesis testing, including formulating null and alternative hypotheses, selecting significance levels, and computing test statistics. It provides examples to illustrate these concepts, focusing on real-life applications such as average incomes and prices. The lesson emphasizes the importance of understanding parameters and statistics in evaluating claims about populations.

Uploaded by

melton a. Merza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistics and Probability

Quarter 2

MELTON A. MERZA, CE, LPT


a. stated the null and alternative hypotheses;

b. computed the appropriate test statistic based


on the given situation; and

c. reflected the importance of the lesson in real


life.
Lesson Overview

In the previous day/s, you learned that hypothesis


testing is a process of evaluating claims about a
population based on the characteristic of a sample
from that population. It is a procedure used by
statisticians whether or not to reject the null
hypothesis.
You also learned that hypothesis testing follows
the following steps:
1. Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses.
2. Select the level of significance and the test
type.
3. Determine test statistic to be used.
4. Compute the test statistic and critical values.
5. Construct rejection regions.
6. Make a decision/draw a conclusion based on
steps 4 and 5.
7. Interpret results.
In this lesson, you will focus on the first four steps
in hypothesis testing, that is, formulating the null
and alternative hypotheses, selecting the level of
significance and the test type, determining test
statistic to be used and lastly, computing the
appropriate test statistic. During the previous
week, you learned about formulating the null and
alternative hypothesis and thus, you will just have
to master it this time.
The second step is usually a given value in the
problem. The type of test will depend on your
alternative hypothesis as discussed in the previous
week. The appropriate test statistic will depend
whether the population variance is (a) known, (b)
unknown, or (c) the Central Limit is used. This will
be discussed thoroughly in this lesson.
Now, let us start by reviewing some of the
concepts discussed in the previous week which will
also be an important part of this lesson.
Example 1.
The leader of the association of jeepney drivers
claims that the average daily take home pay of all
jeepney drivers is Php400.00. A random sample of
100 jeepney drivers was interviewed and the
average daily take home pay of these drivers is
found to be Php 425.00. Use a 0.05 significance
level to find out if the average daily take home pay
of all drivers is different from Php400.00. Assume
that the population variance is Php8,464.00.
Solution:
Step 1 : Formulate the null and alternative
hypotheses.
Therefore, the computed test statistic is z = 2.72.
This value will be used in deciding whether or not
to reject the null hypothesis. This will be discussed
further in the next lesson.
Example 2.
It was announced by the Department of Trade and
Industry that the average price of a kilogram of
beef is Php300.00. However, a sample of 20
randomly collected data from different market
shows that the average price per kilogram of beef
is Php310.00 and a standard deviation of Php15.25.
Using 0.05 level of significance, is there a sufficient
evidence to conclude that the average price per
kilogram of beef is more than Php300.00?
C. Hypothesis Testing about a Population Mean
Using the Central Limit Theorem (CLT)
For a large population that is not normally
distributed, the Central Limit Theorem applies as
long as the size of the samples is sufficiently large.
In some cases, the population is not normally
distributed and the population standard deviation is
unknown. When this happens, the sample standard
deviation is a good approximation or substitute for
the unknown population standard deviation. If the
sample size is equal to or greater than 30, it is
considered sufficiently large. To find z, use the formula:
Example 3. The Department of Education claims
that the average number of hours each teacher
works in one school year is 2,400 hours. A student
who thinks that the average number of working
hours of each teacher is less than this, interviewed
a
random sample of 55 teachers. The interview
resulted to a sample mean of 2 375 hours and
standard deviation of 100 hours. Is there a
sufficient evidence to conclude that the number of
hours each teacher works in one school year is less
than 2400 hours? Use 0.05 level of significance.
1. Defined massive, open, online, and course;

2. Identified the two kinds /classifications and


various types of MOOC;

3. Used the advantages of MOOC and cloud-based


learning
Illustrative Example:
The Head Nurse in a certain high school claims
that the average height of grade 7 students is 163
cm. The mean height of 45 randomly selected
grade 7
students is 161 cm. Using 0.01 significance level,
can it be concluded that the mean height of grade
7 students is different from 163 cm as claimed by
the school nurse? Before you can give answer to
the question and draw conclusions, state first the
following: (a) null hypothesis; (b) alternative
hypothesis; (c) the level of significance;
After learning some basic concepts involved in
hypothesis testing, you are now ready to learn the
parameters involved in the process. This is very
important because this will guide you on selecting
the appropriate steps and formula to be used
during the test. Real-life problems will be given
and used to determine the parameter to be tested.
Parameter is a number that summarizes some
aspect of the population as a whole. Examples are
population mean and the population variance.
On the other hand, statistic is a value computed
from the samples.
Examples are sample mean and sample variance.

the population mean 𝜇 or the


Hypothesis is a claim about the parameter like

population proportion 𝑝. This part of the lesson will

mean 𝜇.
use claims about the population
Examples. Read and understand the situation
below. Record the values of the parameters,
statistic and sample size involved.
Situation A: A manufacturer of ethyl alcohol has
developed a new packaging design. He claims that the
new packaging design has an average reduction of
production expenses of Php 5.00 per bottle with a
standard deviation of Php 2.00. A manager of one of
their satellite production branch claims that the 200
samples of this new packaging design has an average
reduction of production expenses of Php 3.00. Test the
difference of the population and sample means at 0.05
level of significance.
Situation B: The mean number of hours a
student consumes to finish answering the
Statistics Module is 5 hours. A random sample of
15 students was asked and found that their mean
number of hours to finish answering the Statistics
module is 6 hours
with a standard deviation of 2 hours. Test the
hypothesis at 5% level of significance.
4. A health specialist wants to determine the
average number of hours a person exercises in a
day during the quarantine period. She found out
that the mean number of hours a person exercises
in a day during the quarantine period is 80
minutes. A random sample of 29 persons were
surveyed and found that their mean is
65 minutes and a standard deviation of 10
minutes. Test the hypothesis at 2% level of
significance and assume that the population is
normally distributed.
5. A study was conducted to determine the
marrying age of teachers. It was found out that the
mean marrying age of teachers is 30 years old.
Fifteen teachers were surveyed randomly and
found that their mean marrying age was 33 years
old with a
standard deviation of 5 years. Use 10% level of
significance to test the hypothesis and assume
that the population is normally distributed.

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