Scribd
Upload
9 views

Intro HTML

HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, is used to create web pages incorporating text, graphics, sound, and video through the use of tags. The document outlines the structure of HTML, including essential tags like <HTML>, <HEAD>, <BODY>, and <TITLE>, as well as formatting options for text, images, links, lists, forms, and tables. It also provides examples of how to implement these elements in a web page.

Uploaded by

Raymond Quidasol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views

Intro HTML

HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, is used to create web pages incorporating text, graphics, sound, and video through the use of tags. The document outlines the structure of HTML, including essential tags like <HTML>, <HEAD>, <BODY>, and <TITLE>, as well as formatting options for text, images, links, lists, forms, and tables. It also provides examples of how to implement these elements in a web page.

Uploaded by

Raymond Quidasol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 67

Introduction to HTML

MIT - AITI
What is HTML?

 HTML, otherwise known as HyperText Markup


Language, is the language used to create Web
pages
 Using HTML, you can create a Web page with text,
graphics, sound, and video
Tags

 The essence of HTML programming is tags


 A tag is a keyword enclosed by angle brackets
( Example: <I> )
 There are opening and closing tags for many but not
all tags; The affected text is between the two tags
More Tags...

 The opening and closing tags use the same


command except the closing tag contains and
additional forward slash /
 For example, the expression <B> Warning </B>
would cause the word ‘Warning’ to appear in bold
face on a Web page
Nested Tags

 Whenever you have HTML tags within other HTML


tags, you must close the nearest tag first
 Example:
<H1> <I> The Nation </I> </H1>
Structure of a Web Page

 All Web pages <HTML>


share a <HEAD>
common <TITLE> Example
</TITLE>
structure
</HEAD>
 All Web pages <BODY>
should contain This is where you would
a pair of include the text and
images on your Web
<HTML>, page.
<HEAD>, </BODY>
<TITLE>, and </HTML>
<BODY> tags
The <TITLE> Tag

 Choose the title of your Web page carefully; The title


of a Web page determines its ranking in certain
search engines
 The title will also appear on Favorite lists, History
lists, and Bookmark lists to identify your page
Text Formatting

 Manipulating text in HTML can be tricky; Oftentimes,


what you see is NOT what you get
 For instance, special HTML tags are needed to
create paragraphs, move to the next line, and
create headings
Text Formatting Tags

<B> Bold Face </B>


<I> Italics </I>
<U> Underline </U>
<P> New Paragraph </P>
<BR> Next Line
Changing the Font

 The expression <FONT FACE =


“fontname”> … </FONT> can
be used to change the font of
the enclosed text
 To change the size of text use the expression <FONT
SIZE=n> …. </FONT> where n is a number between
1 and 7
Changing the Font

 To change the color, use <FONT COLOR=“red”>…. </FONT>;


The color can also be defined using hexadecimal
representation ( Example: #ffffff )

 These attributes can be combined to


change the font, size, and color of
the text all at once; For example,
<FONT SIZE=4 FACE=“Courier”
COLOR=“red”> …. </FONT>
Headings

 Web pages are typically organized into sections with


headings; To create a heading use the expression
<Hn>….</Hn> where n is a number between 1 and
7
 In this case, the 1 corresponds to the largest size
heading while the 7 corresponds to the smallest size
Aligning Text

 The ALIGN attribute can be inserted in the <P> and


<Hn> tags to right justify, center, or left justify the
text
 For example, <H1 ALIGN=CENTER> The New York
Times </H1> would create a centered heading of
the largest size
Comment Statements

 Comment statements are notes in the HTML code


that explain the important features of the code
 The comments do not appear on the Web page itself
but are a useful reference to the author of the page
and other programmers
 To create a comment statement use the <!-- …. --
> tags
The Infamous Blink Tag

 It is possible to make text blink using the <BLINK>


… </BLINK> tag
 However, it is best to use this feature at most
sparingly or not at all; What seems like a good idea
to a Web designer can become very annoying to a
Web user
 The <BLINK> tag is not supported by Internet
Explorer
Page Formatting

 To define the background color, use the BGCOLOR


attribute in the <BODY> tag
 To define the text color, use the TEXT attribute in
the <BODY> tag
 To define the size of the text, type <BASEFONT
SIZE=n>
Example

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Example </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR=“black” TEXT=“white”>
<BASEFONT SIZE=7>
This is where you would include the text and
images on your Web page.
</BODY>
</HTML>
Inserting Images

 Type <IMG SRC = “image.ext”>, where image.ext


indicates the location of the image file
 The WIDTH=n and HEIGHT=n attributes can be used
to adjust the size of an image
 The attribute BORDER=n can be used to add a
border n pixels thick around the image
Alternate Text

 Some browsers don’t support images. In this case,


the ALT attribute can be used to create text that
appears instead of the image.
 Example:
<IMG SRC=“satellite.jpg” ALT = “Picture of
satellite”>
Links

 A link lets you move from one page to another, play


movies and sound, send email, download files, and
more….
 A link has three parts: a destination, a label, and a
target
 To create a link type
<A HREF=“page.html”> label </A>
Anatomy of a Link

<A HREF=“page.html”> label </A>

 In the above link, “page.html” is the destination.


The destination specifies the address of the Web
page or file the user will access when he/she clicks
on the link.
 The label is the text that will appear underlined or
highlighted on the page
Example: Links

 To create a link to CNN, I would type:


<A HREF=“http://www.cnn.com”>CNN</A>

 To create a link to MIT, I would type:


<A HREF=“http://www.mit.edu”>MIT</A>
Changing the Color of Links

 The LINK, VLINK, and ALINK attributes can be


inserted in the <BODY> tag to define the color of a
link
 LINK defines the color of links that have not been
visited
 VLINK defines the color of links that have already been
visited
 ALINK defines the color of a link when a user clicks on
it
Using Links to Send Email

 To create a link to an email address, type <A


HREF=“mailto:email_address”> Label</A>
 For example, to create a link to send email to
myself, I would type: <A HREF=“mailto:
[email protected]”>email Katie Dunn</A>
Anchors

 Anchors enable a user to jump to a specific place on


a Web site
 Two steps are necessary to create an anchor. First
you must create the anchor itself. Then you must
create a link to the anchor from another point in the
document.
Anchors

 To create the anchor itself, type <A NAME=“anchor


name”>label</A> at the point in the Web page
where you want the user to jump to
 To create the link, type <A HREF=“#anchor
name”>label</A> at the point in the text where you
want the link to appear
Example: Anchor

<A HREF="#chap2">Chapter Two</A><BR>


Link

Anch
<A NAME="chap2">Chapter 2 </A>
or
Ordered Lists

 Ordered lists are a Here’s how it would


list of numbered look on the Web:
items.
 To create an ordered
list, type:
<OL>
<LI> This is step
one.
<LI> This is step
two.
<LI> This is step
three.
</OL>
More Ordered Lists….

 The TYPE=x attribute allows you to change the the


kind of symbol that appears in the list.
 A is for capital letters
 a is for lowercase letters
 I is for capital roman numerals
 i is for lowercase roman numerals
Unordered Lists

 An unordered list is Here’s how it would


a list of bulleted look on the Web:
items
 To create an
unordered list, type:
<UL>
<LI> First item in
list
<LI> Second item in
list
<LI> Third item in
list
</UL>
More Unordered Lists...

 The TYPE=shape attribute allows you to change the


type of bullet that appears
 circle corresponds to an empty round bullet
 square corresponds to a square bullet
 disc corresponds to a solid round bullet; this is the
default value
Forms

 What are forms?


• An HTML form is an area of the document that allows users to
enter information into fields.
• A form may be used to collect personal information, opinions in
polls, user preferences and other kinds of information.
Forms

 There are two basic components of a Web form: the


shell, the part that the user fills out, and the script
which processes the information
 HTML tags are used to create the form shell. Using
HTML you can create text boxes, radio buttons,
checkboxes, drop-down menus, and more...
Example: Form

Text Box

Drop-down Menu
Radio Buttons
Checkboxes

Text Area

Reset Button
Submit Button
The Form Shell

 A form shell has three important parts:


 the <FORM> tag, which includes the address of the
script which will process the form
 the form elements, like text boxes and radio buttons
 the submit button which triggers the script to send the
entered information to the server
Creating the Shell

 To create a form shell, type <FORM METHOD=POST


ACTION=“script_url”> where “script_url” is the
address of the script
 Create the form elements
 End with a closing </FORM> tag
Creating Text Boxes

 To create a text box, type <INPUT TYPE=“text”


NAME=“name” VALUE=“value” SIZE=n
MAXLENGTH=n>
 The NAME, VALUE, SIZE, and MAXLENGTH attributes
are optional
Text Box Attributes
 The NAME attribute is used to identify the text box to the
processing script
 The VALUE attribute is used to specify the text that will initially
appear in the text box
 The SIZE attribute is used to define the size of the box in
characters
 The MAXLENGTH attribute is used to define the maximum
number of characters that can be typed in the box
Example: Text Box

First Name: <INPUT  Here’s how it


TYPE="text"
NAME="FirstName" would look on
VALUE="First Name" the Web:
SIZE=20>
<BR><BR>

Last Name: <INPUT


TYPE="text"
NAME="LastName"
VALUE="Last Name"
SIZE=20>
<BR><BR>
Creating Larger Text Areas

 To create larger text areas, type <TEXTAREA


NAME=“name” ROWS=n1 COLS=n2 WRAP> Default
Text </TEXTAREA>, where n1 is the height of the
text box in rows and n2 is the width of the text box
in characters
 The WRAP attribute causes the cursor to move
automatically to the next line as the user types
Example: Text Area

<B>Comments?</B>
<BR>
<TEXTAREA NAME="Comments"
ROWS=10 COLS=50 WRAP>
</TEXTAREA>
Creating Radio Buttons

 To create a radio button, type <INPUT TYPE=“radio”


NAME=“name” VALUE=“data”>Label, where “data”
is the text that will be sent to the server if the
button is checked and “Label” is the text that
identifies the button to the user
Example: Radio Buttons

<B> Size: </B>


<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="Size"

VALUE="Large">Large
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="Size"

VALUE="Medium">Medium
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="Size"
VALUE="Small">Small
Creating Checkboxes

 To create a checkbox, type <INPUT


TYPE=“checkbox” NAME=“name”
VALUE=“value”>Label
 If you give a group of radio buttons or checkboxes
the same name, the user will only be able to select
one button or box at a time
Example: Checkboxes

<B> Color: </B>


<INPUT TYPE="checkbox"
NAME="Color"
VALUE="Red">Red
<INPUT TYPE="checkbox"
NAME="Color"
VALUE="Navy">Navy
<INPUT TYPE="checkbox"
NAME="Color"
VALUE="Black">Black
Creating Drop-down Menus

 To create a drop-down menu, type <SELECT


NAME=“name” SIZE=n MULTIPLE>
 Then type <OPTION VALUE= “value”>Label
 In this case the SIZE attribute specifies the height of
the menu in lines and MULTIPLE allows users to
select more than one menu option
Example: Drop-down Menu

<B>WHICH IS FAVOURITE FRUIT:</B>


<SELECT>
<OPTION VALUE="MANGOES">MANGOES
<OPTION VALUE="PAPAYA">PAPAYA
<OPTION VALUE="GUAVA">GUAVA
<OPTION VALUE="BANANA"> BANANA
<OPTION VALUE="PINEAPPLE">PINEAPPLE
</SELECT>
Creating a Submit Button

 To create a submit button, type <INPUT


TYPE=“submit”>
 If you would like the button to say something other
than submit, use the VALUE attribute
 For example, <INPUT TYPE=“submit” VALUE=“Buy
Now!”> would create a button that says “Buy Now!”
Creating a Reset Button

 To create a reset button, type <INPUT


TYPE=“reset”>
 The VALUE attribute can be used in the same way to
change the text that appears on the button
Tables

 Tables can be used to display rows and columns of


data, create multi-column text, captions for images,
and sidebars
 The <TABLE> tag is used to create a table; the
<TR> tag defines the beginning of a row while the
<TD> tag defines the beginning of a cell
Adding a Border

 The BORDER=n attribute allows you to add a border


n pixels thick around the table
 To make a solid border color, use the
BORDERCOLOR=“color” attribute
 To make a shaded colored border, use
BODERCOLORDARK=“color” and
BORDERCOLORLIGHT=“color”
Creating Simple Table

<TABLE BORDER=10>  Here’s how it


<TR> would look on
<TD>One</TD> the Web:
<TD>Two</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Three</
TD>
<TD>Four</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
Adjusting the Width

 When a Web browser displays a table, it often adds


extra space. To eliminate this space use the WIDTH
=n attribute in the <TABLE> and <TD> tags
 Keep in mind - a cell cannot be smaller than its
contents, and if you make a table wider than the
browser window, users will not be able to see parts
of it.
Centering a Table

 There are two ways to center a table


 Type <TABLE ALIGN=CENTER>
 Enclose the <TABLE> tags in opening and closing
<CENTER> tags
Wrapping Text around a
Table
 It is possible to wrap text around a
table. This technique is often used to
keep images and captions together
within an article.
 To wrap text around a table, type
<TABLE ALIGN = LEFT> to align the
table to the left while the text flows to
the right.
 Create the table using the <TR>, <TD>,
and </TABLE> tags as you normally
would
Adding Space around a
Table
 To add space around a table, use the HSPACE=n and
VSPACE=n attributes in the <TABLE> tag
 Example:
<TABLE HSPACE=20 VSPACE=20>
Spanning Cells Across
Columns
 It is often necessary to span one cell across many
columns. For example, you would use this technique
to span a headline across the columns of a
newspaper article.
 To span a cell across many columns, type <TD
COLSPAN=n>, where n is the number of columns to
be spanned
Spanning Cells Across Rows

 To span a cell across many rows, type <TD


ROWSPAN=n>, where n is the number of rows
Aligning Cell Content

 By default, a cell’s content are aligned horizontally


to the left and and vertically in the middle.
 Use VALIGN=direction to change the vertical
alignment, where “direction” is top, middle, bottom,
or baseline
 Use ALIGN=direction to change the horizontal
alignment where “direction” is left, center, or right
Controlling Cell Spacing

 Cell spacing is the space between cells while cell


padding is the space around the contents of a cell
 To control both types of spacing, use the
CELLSPACING =n and CELLPADDING=n attributes in
the <TABLE> tag
Nesting Tables

 Create the inner table


 Create the outer table and determine
which cell of the outer table will hold the
inner table
 Test both tables separately to make sure
they work
 Copy the inner table into the cell of the
outer table
 Don’t nest too many tables. If you find
yourself doing that, find an easier way to
lay out your Web page
Changing a Cell’s Color

 To change a cell’s color, add the BGCOLOR=“color”


attribute to the <TD> tag
 Example:
<TD BGCOLOR=“blue”>
Dividing Your Table into
Column Groups
 You can divide your table into two kinds of column
groups: structural and non-structural.
 Structural column groups control where dividing
lines are drawn; Non-structural groups do not
 Both let you format an entire column of cells at once
Column Groups

 To create structural column


groups, type <COLGROUP
SPAN=n> after the <TABLE> tag,
where n is the number of
columns in the group
 To create non-structural column
groups, type <COL SPAN=n>,
where n is the number of
columns in the group
Dividing Table into
Horizontal Sections
 You can also create a horizontal section consisting of
one or more rows. This allows you to format the
rows all at once
 To create a horizontal section, type <THEAD>,
<TBODY>, or <TFOOT> before the first <TR> tag of
the section
 Netscape does not support these tags
Controlling Line Breaks

 Unless you specify otherwise a browser will divide


the lines in a cell as it sees fit.
 The NOWRAP attribute placed within the <TD> tag
forces the browser to keep all the text in a cell on
one line
 Example:
 <TD NOWRAP>Washington, D.C.
Parting Words….

 If you can imagine a way to lay out your page,


chances are it is possible using HTML
 When in doubt, use an HTML reference

You might also like