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TABLETS Dosage Form F

The document provides an overview of tablets as a solid dosage form, including their definition, quality attributes, advantages, and disadvantages. It discusses the preparation process, types of tablets, and the various ingredients used in tablet formulation. Tablets are highlighted as the most popular oral pharmaceutical dosage form, accounting for approximately 70% of all ethical pharmaceutical preparations.

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EISHA ALI
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8 views50 pages

TABLETS Dosage Form F

The document provides an overview of tablets as a solid dosage form, including their definition, quality attributes, advantages, and disadvantages. It discusses the preparation process, types of tablets, and the various ingredients used in tablet formulation. Tablets are highlighted as the most popular oral pharmaceutical dosage form, accounting for approximately 70% of all ethical pharmaceutical preparations.

Uploaded by

EISHA ALI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TABLETS

MS. WAJIHA IFFAT


B.PHARM,M.PHARM(PHAR
MACEUTICS), (Ph.D)
TABLETS
AFTER THE END OF THIS
LECTURE,STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO
:
DEFINE TABLET
IDENTIFY THE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES
OF TABLET
DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES OF
TABLET AS A DOSAGE FORM.
DEFINITION OF TABLET:
TABLET:

Latin word “tabuletta” disc like or


cylindrical specimens.
The latin name of dosage in
european pharmacopoeia is
“compressi” which reflects the fact
that the dominating process of
tablet fabrication is powder
compression in a confined space.
DEFINITION:
Tablets are solid dosage form
consisting of one or more active
.
ingredient obtained by
compressing uniform volumes of
particles into various shapes and
sizes
WHAT ARE THE QUALITY
ATTRIBUTES OF TABLETS?
THE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES
OF TABLETS
 A tablet should have elegant

product identity.

 Should have sufficient


strength to withstand
mechanical shock during its
production packaging,
shipping and dispensing.
THE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES
OF TABLETS

Should have the chemical and


physical stability to maintain its
physical attributes over time

tabletmust be able to release the


medicinal agents in a predictable
and reproducible manner.
THE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES
OF TABLETS
The tablet should include the correct
dose of the drug.
The appearance of the tablet should
be elegant, and its weight, size and
appearance should be consistent.
The tablet should be formulated into
a product acceptable to the patient.
The tablet should be packed in a
safe manner.
WHY TABLET AS DOSAGE
FORM?
ADVANTAGES
 Production aspects
1. Large scale production at lowest cost
2. Easiest and cheapest to package and
ship
3. High stability (chemical, mechanical &
biological)
4. Lightest and most compact

MAK95
ADVANTAGES
 Formulation aspects
1. Greatest dose precision with least content
variability
2. Lend to give special release profile products
e.g. enteric or delayed release tablets
3. Tablets may be formulated to release the
therapeutic agent at a particular site within the
gastrointestinal tract to reduce side effects,
promote absorption at that site and provide a
local effect (e.g. ulcerative colitis).
4. Product identification is cheap – embossing or
monogrammed punch face
ADVANTAGES
 Patient aspects
1. Tablets are convenient to use and are
an elegant dosage form.
2. Ease of handling
3. Coating can mark unpleasant tastes &
improve patient acceptability
DISADVANTAGES OF
TABLET DOSAGE FORM
DISADVANTAGES OF TABLET
DOSAGE FORM
Difficult to swallow in case of
children and unconscious
patients.

 Some drugs resist compression


into dense compacts, owing to
amorphous nature, low density
character.
DISADVANTAGES OF TABLET
DOSAGE FORM
Drugs with poor wetting, slow
dissolution properties, optimum
absorption high in GIT may be difficult
to formulate or manufacture as a tablet
that will still provide adequate or full
drug bioavailability.

 Bitter testing drugs, drugs with an


objectionable odor or drugs that are
sensitive to oxygen may require
encapsulation or coating. In such cases,
capsule may offer the best and lowest
Absorptio
n of drug
form
tablets
Tablet preparation
Tablet is prepared by powder
compression, i.e. forcing particles
into close proximity to each other by
confined compression.
This enables the particles to cohere
into a porous, solid specimen of
defined geometry.
 The compression takes place in a
die by the action of two punches,
the lower and the upper, by which
the compressive force is applied.
Tablet preparation
Powder compression is defined as the
reduction in volume of a powder owing
to the application of a force.
Because of the increased proximity of
particle surfaces accomplished during
compression, bonds are formed between
particles which provide coherence to the
powder, i.e. a compact is formed.
 Compaction is defined as the formation
of a solid specimen of defined geometry
by powder compression
Compaction cycle
The process of tableting can be
divided into three stages
(sometimes known as the
compaction cycle)
Die filling
Tablet formation
Tablet ejection
Single punch tableting
machine
Types of tablets
Route of administration
◦ Oral tablets
◦ Tablets used in oral cavity
◦ Tablets administered by other route
◦ Tablets used to prepare solution
Types of Oral Tablets
Compressed Tablets
Multiple compressed tablets
1. Layered Tablet
2. Compression coated tablet OR Repeat action
tablets
Delayed action or enteric coated
tablet
Film coated Tablet
Sugar coated tablet
Chewable tablets
Tablets used in oral
cavity
Buccal and sublingual tablets
Troches and Lozenges
Dental cones
Tablets administered by other
routes
Implantation tablets or depot
tablets
Vaginal Tablets
Tablets used to prepare
solution

Hypodermic tablet
Dispensing tablet
Compressed tablet triturates
COMPRESSED TABLET
These are the standard uncoated
tablets made by either direct
compression
or wet granulation or dry
granulation or double
compaction.
LAYERED TABLET
For example, admixture
containing Phenylephedrin HCL
and Ascorbic Acid with
Paracetamol.
Paracetamol + phenylephedrine
Hydrochloride → one layer
Paracetamol + ascorbic acid →
another layer.
Compression coated
tablets
 This type of tablet has two parts, internal
core and surrounding coat. The core is small
porous tablet and prepared on one turret.
 For preparing final tablet, a bigger die cavity
in another turret is used in which first the
coat material is filled to half and then core
tablet is mechanically transferred, again the
remaining space is filled with coat material
and finally compression force is applied.
 This tablet readily lend itself in to a repeat
action tabletas the outer layer provides the
initial dose while the inner core release the
drug later on
Compression coated
tablets
Enteric coated tablets
Enteric coated tablet is such
an example of delayed action
tablet.
The commonly used coating
agents are: Cellulose
acetate phthalate, Hydroxy
methyl propyl phthalate,
polyvinyl acetate
phthalate, Eudragit
Coated Tablet
Sugar coated
Film coated
Chewable tablets
Antacid tablets are invariably
prepared
as chewable to obtain quick
ingestion relief as well as the
antacid dose is too
large to swallow and the activity is
related to particle size.
 Another example is multivitamin
tablet which a patient can take as
a daily dose.
Effervescent tablet
Buccal tablet
Fentanyl (Fentora) tablet for cancer
pain is a buccal tablet type.
Sublingual tablet
An example is Isordil sublingual 5mg. This drug is
normally administered for minor heart palpitation
attacks.
TROCHES AND
LOZENGES
Dental cones
These tables are designed to be
loosely packed in the
empty socket remaining following
a tooth extraction
Implantation tablets or depot
tablets
These tablets are inserted into
subcutaneous tissue
by surgical procedures where they are
very slowly absorbed over a period of
a
month or a year.
Vaginal Tablets
e.g. Canesten tablet
 This tablet undergoes slow dissolution and
drug
release in vaginal cavity of women.
 The shape is kept ovoid or pear shaped to
facilitate retention in vagina.
 The tablet should be made compatible with
plastic tube inserters which are designed to
place the tablet in the upper region of vaginal
tract.
 These tablets generally release antibacterial,
antiseptics or astringents to treat vaginal
infections or release steroids for
systemic absorption.
Hypodermic tablet
These tablets contain one or
more readily water
soluble ingredients and are
intended to be added in water for
injection of
sterile water to form a clear
solution which is to be injected
parenterally.
TABLET INGREDIENTS :
In addition to active ingredients, tablet contains a number of
inert materials known as additives or excipients. Different
excipients are:

1. Diluent

2. Binder and adhesive

3. Disintegrents

4. Lubricants and glidants

5. Colouring agents

6. Flavoring agents

7. Sweetening agents
Diluents or fillers; used to increase the mass of
tablet.
E.g. Anhydrous lactose, Lactose monohydrate, Spray
dried lactose, Starch, Microcrystalline cellulose
(Avicel), Mannitol, Dibasic calcium phosphate, etc…

• Binders; used in case of wet granulation method,


added in the form of solution or as a solid in the
powder mix.E.g. HPMC, PVP, HPC, Sucrose, MCC,
Acacia, starch,
etc…

• Disintegrants; facilitates breakdown of tablets


whentaken orally. E.g. starch, MCC, sodium starch
glycolate,glycosum, croscarmellose sodium,
crospovidone, etc
Glidants; enhance the flow property of
the bulk powders within the hoper and into
the die in the tablet press. E.g.talc, Avicel
(colloidal silicon dioxide), etc…
• Lubricants; facilitates tablet ejection by
reducing the friction between the walls of
machine and tablet surface.Lubricants are
of two types; (a) insoluble (b) soluble.E.g. of
insoluble lubricants are magnesium
stearate,stearic acid, glyceryl behenate,
etc… PEGs (soluble)
• Adsorbents; e.g. kaoline, magnesium
oxide, etc
CONCLUSION
Among the oral pharmaceutical
dosage forms, tablets are the most
popular one, accounting for some
70% of all ethical pharmaceutical
preparations produced (Rubinstein,
2000).
ANY
QUESTIONS
???

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