Pollution

• Pollution is the introduction

of contaminants into the natural environment
that causes adverse change.
• Causes of pollution: industrial emissions, poor
disposal of wastes, mining, deforestation, use
of fossil fuels and agricultural activities.
• Pollution can affect: the air, the land and
water bodies throughout the world.
Types of Pollution
 Water Pollution

• Water pollution can be defined as the

contamination of a stream, river, lake, ocean
and depleting water quality and making it
toxic for the environment and humans.
 Causes of Water Pollution

• Runoff from Agricultural Operations

• Leakage from Underground Storage and Piping
• Leaking Sewers
• Vehicle Emissions
• Landfill Leakage
•
 Effects of Water Pollution

• Some of these water-borne diseases are Typhoid, Cholera,

Paratyphoid Fever, Dysentery, Jaundice and Malaria.
• Pesticides – can damage the nervous system and cause cancer
because of the carbonates and organophosphates that they
contain.
• When nutrients wash into waterways through storm runoff, they
deplete oxygen in the water that fish need to survive. Pesticides
and heavy metals that enter waterways can also harm or
kill fish.
What Can You Do to Prevent Water Pollution?

• Reduce our plastic consumption and reuse or

recycle plastic when we can.
• Properly dispose of chemical cleaners, oils, and
non-biodegradable items.

• One of the most effective ways to stand up for

our waters is to speak out in support of the
Clean Water Rule.
 Air Pollution

• Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and

gases in the air.
• Smog is a kind of air pollution, originally
named for the mixture of smoke and fog in the
air.
Main Causes of Air Pollution

1. The Burning of Fossil

Fuels
2. Industrial Emission
3. Indoor Air Pollution
4. Wildfires
6. Transportation
7. Open Burning of
Garbage Waste
8. Construction and
Demolition
9. Agricultural Activities
10. Use of chemical and
synthetic products
Effects of Air Pollution on the Environment

• Global Warming.
• Climate Change.
• Acid Rain.
• Deterioration of
fields.
• Extinction of animal
species.
• Respiratory health
problems.
• Deterioration in
building materials.
Best Ways to Reduce Air Pollution
• 1. Using public transports
• 2. Turn off the lights when not in use
• 3. Recycle and Reuse
• 4. No to plastic bags
• 5. Reduction of forest fires and smoking
• 6. Use of fans instead of Air Conditioner
• 7. Use filters for chimneys
• 8. Avoid usage of crackers
• 9. Avoid using of products with chemicals
• 10. Implement Afforestation
 Land Pollution

• Land pollution, the deposition of solid or liquid

waste materials on land or underground in a
manner that can contaminate the soil and
groundwater, threaten public health, and cause
unsightly conditions and nuisances.
Main Causes of Land Pollution
Causes of Land Pollution
There are various causes which
contribute to this pollution.
The various substances that
spill on the land cause land
pollution. Similarly, these
substances have different
sources of origin. The most
common ones are:

Garbage
Factories
Farming
Mining
Consequences of Land Pollution

• Some of the potential

consequences include birth
defects, the development of
breathing disorders, skin
diseases, and cancer. Most of
these develop after exposure
to waste from water
poisoning and soil
contamination. Land
pollution has also been
linked to developmental
deficits in children.
 Solutions for Land Pollution

• Solution for land pollution are

• 1) Make people aware about the concept of
Reduce, Recycle and Reuse.
• 2) Reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers in
agricultural activities.
• 3) Buy biodegradable products.
• 4) Do Organic gardening and eat organic food
that will be grown without the use of
pesticides.
Noise pollution
• Noise pollution is generally
defined as regular exposure to
elevated sound levels that may
lead to adverse effects in humans
or other living organisms.
According to the World Health
Organization, sound levels less
than 70 dB (a logarithmic unit
used to measure sound level) are
not damaging to living organisms,
regardless of how long or
consistent the exposure is.
CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION

• Traffic noise.
• Air traffic noise.
• Construction sites.
• Mining.
• Catering and night life.
• Animals.
• Sleep and behavioral
disorders.
 Effects of Noise Pollution

• The most common health problem

it causes is Noise Induced Hearing Loss. Exposure
to loud noise can also cause high blood pressure,
heart disease, sleep disturbances, and stress.
Noise pollution also impacts the health of
wildlife.
 Solution

• Turn off machines at Home and offices

• Shut the Door when using noisy Machines
• Use Earplugs
• Lower the volume
• Stay away from Noisy area
• Follow the Limits of Noise level
• Control Noise level near sensitive areas
• Go Green by planning trees
 How many dB can kill you?

150 decibels is usually considered enough to

burst your eardrums, but the threshold for
death is usually pegged at around 185-200
dB.
 Radioactivity

• Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of

radiation in the form of particles or high
energy photons resulting from a nuclear
reaction.
• Long-lived radioactive elements such as
uranium, thorium and potassium. These
elements have always been present in the
Earth's crust and atmosphere, and are
concentrated in some places.
 Sources of Radioactive Pollution

• The sources of radioactive pollution

include mining for nuclear material, nuclear
power plants, nuclear weapons and their testing,
as well as medical diagnostics and treatment
procedures.
 Effects of Radioactivity Pollution

• Short term exposure to air pollution can irritate

the eyes, nose and throat and cause upper
respiratory infections, headaches, nausea and
allergic reactions. Long-term exposures can lead
to chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, and
heart disease.
 Solution
• Keep people away from it to reduce their exposure to
radiation. Keep cuts and abrasions covered when
handling contaminated items to avoid getting
radioactive material in them. Wash all of the exposed
parts of your body using lots of soap and lukewarm
water to remove contamination.