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Data Communication and Network

The document provides an overview of data communication and networks, defining key concepts such as data communication, network types (LAN, MAN, WAN, and mobile networks), and the distinction between wired and wireless media. It also covers privacy levels in networking, including intranet and extranet, and details various network components like switches, routers, and modems. Additionally, it explains web technology concepts, including the World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, and the functions of web browsers and servers.

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10 views37 pages

Data Communication and Network

The document provides an overview of data communication and networks, defining key concepts such as data communication, network types (LAN, MAN, WAN, and mobile networks), and the distinction between wired and wireless media. It also covers privacy levels in networking, including intranet and extranet, and details various network components like switches, routers, and modems. Additionally, it explains web technology concepts, including the World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, and the functions of web browsers and servers.

Uploaded by

nikapeters2021
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

Data

Communication
&
Networks
1

Definition
s
Data Communication Network

Refers to all the methods by This is a set of computers


which computers and other that are linked together so
devices in a network send they can share
data to each other. facilities/devices such as
printers and hard drives.
2

Areas of
Networks
Types of networks
LAN MAN WAN Mobile (Cellular Network)

Takes up a small area, Spans towns & cities; Covers a large Spans across interconnected,
Size usually confined to one area greater than LAN geographical area, such hexagonal areas of land known
building but not as big as WAN as a state or country as “cells”

Linked using fibre-optic Uses satellite, Uses transceivers, radio


Uses cables, infrared,
Equipment Bluetooth or Wi-Fi links
cables, microwave, microwave, and frequencies and telephone
radio or infrared links telecommunication links switches/exchanges.

Diagram
2.5

Mobile
Networks
Mobile Networks

◈ Mobile network – is a ◈ The most familiar


network that supports application of mobile
voice and/or data using networking is the
wireless, using radio mobile phone.
transmission.
3

Wireless
Networks
Wireless Networks

◈ A wireless network is ◈ Both Bluetooth and Wi-


any network that is not Fi are both trademark
connected by cables. names for popular
◈ Instead, they use radio radio wave
waves to send and technologies.
receive data.
Wireless Networks – Wi-Fi and Bluetooth

◈ Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) ◈ Bluetooth is a standard


is a mechanism which allowing electronic
allows electronic devices devices to automatically
that are enabled with it to make their own
exchange data wirelessly connections wirelessly
over a computer network. without the direct action
of a user.
◈ Developed by a group of
electronic manufacturers.
Wireless Networks - Hotspot

◈ A hotspot is a venue that offers access


to the Internet over a wireless LAN in a
public place.
◈ These areas include airports, restaurants
and libraries.
4

Privacy
Levels of
the
4
Privacy Level – The Internet

◈ Internet is a public, global network consisting of


interconnected networks using standardized
communication protocols (TCP/IP – Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
Privacy Level – The Internet

◈ TCP is responsible for breaking data down into small


packets before they can be sent over a network, and
for assembling the packets again when they arrive.
◈ IP takes care of the communication between
computers. It is responsible for addressing, sending
and receiving the data packets over the Internet.
Privacy Level – The Intranet and Extranet

◈ Intranet is a private computer network designed to


meet the needs of a single organization or company
that is based on Internet technology.
◈ Extranet is an intranet that has been selectively
opened to specially selected individuals or
organizations (including customers, suppliers, and
employees). E.g. online banking
4
5

Network
Componen
ts
Wireless vs Wired Media
Transmission Media - Wired

◈ A twisted-pair cable consists of one or more twisted


pairs bundled together.
◈ Each twisted pair has two separate insulated copper
wires that are twisted together.
◈ This type of cable media is usually used in LANs.
Transmission Media - Wired

◈ A coaxial cable is made of a single copper


wire surrounded by layers of other material.
◈ It is used for cable television wiring and in
some networks.
◈ Its transmission rate is faster than that of
the twisted-pair cable and it can be used
over longer distances.
Transmission Media - Wired

◈ Fibre optic cables work by transmitting data


as a series of pulses of light along a thin glass
fibre.
◈ One bundle of fibres carries data in one
direction and another bundle carries data in
the other direction.
◈ They are very fast and do not suffer from
interference like the other types of cables.
◈ It has become very popular for telephones and
high-traffic networks.
Transmission Media - Wireless

◈ Microwave media transmits data in


a straight line using very high
frequency radio signals, which can
travel through space.
◈ Ideal for linking computers in
buildings that are near to each other.
◈ Used in cell phones, schools,
universities and some businesses.
Transmission Media - Wireless

◈ Satellites used to transmit data over


large distances.
◈ Microwave signals are beamed up to
the satellite and the satellite reflects
the signal to another part of the
world.
◈ Used to transmit data such as text
and pictures.
Transmission Media - Wireless

◈ Infrared sends signals using infrared


light waves.
◈ These signals can only travel a short
distance.
◈ Used in devices such as printers, mice
and smartphones to communicate with
computers.
◈ An IrDA port is used to transfer the data.
Switches, Routers and
modems
(& More)
Switch

◈ Switches are used to create networks.


◈ It is an “intelligent” device that
transmits specific MAC addresses
within the network.
◈ It can learn or remember specific
addresses and distinguish between
them by accessing them from a CAM
(Content Addressable Memory) table.
Router

◈ Routers are the “traffic directors” of a


network.
◈ Receives, analyzes and moves incoming
packets from another network.
◈ More capabilities than a switch, and used
to connect networks together.
Switch

◈ Modems convert analogue signals


(travels along cables) to digital
(understood by the computer), and
digital signal to analogue.
◈ Stands for modulator-demodulator.
◈ Often provided by the ISP (Internet
Service Provider) and gives a network
access to the internet.
Switch Modem Router
Used to create a Grants access to the Packets sent from the
network. internet (a WAN). modem are analyzed
and set to the
corresponding devices,
based on the switch.
6

Web
Technology
Concepts
World Wide Web HTML HTTP
Commonly referred Short for Hyper Short for Hyper Text
to as the “Web”, it is Text Markup Transfer Protocol,
a graphical, easy-to- Language, HTML is HTTP is a protocol (set
use system of a language that is of rules) used to request
interlinked files on used to create web and trasmit files
the Internet. pages. (especially web pages
Vast amounts of and their components)
information can be over the Internet or
obtained through other computer
the use of the WWW. networks.
Hyperlink File Transfer Web Browser
This is an image or Protocol A web browser is a
section of text that a This is a set of rules programme that allows
visitor can click on, governing the users to view and
that transfers the transfer of files over explore information on
visitor to another the Internet. The the World Wide Web.
web page or to files are stored on ftp
another point in the sites and
Examples of popular
same page. downloaded using
browsers are: Microsoft
It can also link to an FTP programs.
Internet Explorer and
email address or a Mozilla Firefox
downloadable file.
Web Server Web Page Website
A computer that A document on the Set of interconnected
delivers (serves up) World Wide Web, Web pages, usually
Web pages. When a consisting of an including a home page,
request is made to HTML file and any generally located on the
access a web site, related files for same server, and
the request is sent scripts and graphics prepared and
to the web server. and often maintained as a
The server then hyperlinked to other collection of information
fetches the page Web pages. by a person, group, or
and sends it to your organization.
browser.
Upload Download
Process of reading Process whereby
data from a user’s programs or data are
computer storage transferred via
and sending it to communications
another computer channels, from a
via communication computer and stored on
channels. media located at the
user’s computer.

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