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DataBase System Lec. 3

The document provides an overview of Database Management Systems (DBMS), detailing their functions, advantages, and architecture. It explains the processes involved in database access and outlines various storage structures, including their recommended use cases. The content emphasizes the importance of DBMS in data manipulation, security, integrity, and performance.

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walaa
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6 views11 pages

DataBase System Lec. 3

The document provides an overview of Database Management Systems (DBMS), detailing their functions, advantages, and architecture. It explains the processes involved in database access and outlines various storage structures, including their recommended use cases. The content emphasizes the importance of DBMS in data manipulation, security, integrity, and performance.

Uploaded by

walaa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DataBase System

COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT


FOURTH STAGE
ASSIST.LECTURER: WALA’A HUSSEIN ALKAMIL
DataBase Management
System (DBMS)
 DBMS is a collection of programs that enables users
to create and maintain a database.
 The DBMS is a general purpose software system
that facilities the processes of defining,
constructing, manipulating and sharing database
among various users and applications.
Function of DataBase
Management System (DBMS)
 Data manipulation.
 Data security and integrity.
 Performance.
 Data recovery and concurrency.
 Data dictionary.
Advantage of DataBase
Management System
 Control of data redundancy.
 Data consistency.
 Sharing of data.
 Improved data integrity.
 Improved security.
 Enforcement of standards.
 Economy of scale.
Advantage of DataBase
Management System
 Balance of conflicting requirements.
 Improved data accessibility and responsiveness.
 Increased productivity.
 Increased concurrency.
 Improved backup and recovery services.
 Improved maintenance through data independence.
DataBase Management
System Architecture
 Basic client/server architecture.
 Centralized DBMSs architecture.
 Two-tier client/server architecture.
 Three-tier and n-tier architecture.
Database Access

 Locating a specific piece of data in the database and


presenting it to the user involves several layers of data
access software.
 Of course, the details of these layers vary considerable from
system to system, but the principles are fairly standard and
can be explained in outline as follows:
 First, the DBMS decides what stored record is required and asks
the file manager to retrieve that record.
 Second, the file manager I turn decides what page contains the
desired record and asks the disk manger to retrieve that page.
The page is the unit of O/I i.e., the amount of data transferred
between the disk and main storage in a single disk access.
 Finally, the disk manager determines the physical location of
the desired page on the disk and issues the necessary disk I/O
operation.
Storage Structure

The physical files each have a particular storage


structure specified, which is determined by the
processing requirements. The main storage structures
fall into the following two groups, although there are
other types:
 Sequential access storage structures.
 Direct access storage structures.
Within these two groups, the most commonly known
structures are:
 Hierarchical Sequential Access Method (HSAM).
 Hierarchical Indexed Sequential Access Method
(HISAM).
Storage Structure -
Continued
 Hierarchical Direct Access Method (HDAM).
 Hierarchical Indexed Direct Access Method
(HIDAM).
 Data Entry DataBase (DEDB).
 Main Storage DataBase (MSDB)
 Generalized Sequential Access Method (GSAM).
Storage Structure -
Continued
Generally, it is suggested that these storage structures
be used as follows:
 Use HSAM for relatively small databases with few
access requirements.
 Use HISAM for relatively for database that require
direct segment access, particularly when:
 All segments are the same size.
 Records have a fixed length.
 There are few root segments and many child
segments.
 Deletion is not a frequently occurrence.
Storage Structure -
Continued
 Use HDAM for fast direct access.
 Use HIDAM when users require both direct and
sequential access.
 Use MSDB for database with fixed-length segments
and when fast processing is required.
 Use DEDB for databases with a high data volume.

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