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DataBase System Lec. 2

The document discusses the architecture of database systems, emphasizing the distinction between a database and its schema, which is a stable description created during design. It introduces the three-schema architecture, which separates user applications from the physical database and includes internal, conceptual, and external levels of schema. Each level serves a specific purpose, detailing physical storage, overall structure for users, and tailored views for user groups.

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5 views6 pages

DataBase System Lec. 2

The document discusses the architecture of database systems, emphasizing the distinction between a database and its schema, which is a stable description created during design. It introduces the three-schema architecture, which separates user applications from the physical database and includes internal, conceptual, and external levels of schema. Each level serves a specific purpose, detailing physical storage, overall structure for users, and tailored views for user groups.

Uploaded by

walaa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DataBase System

COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT


FOURTH STAGE
ASSIST.LECTURER: WALA’A HUSSEIN ALKAMIL
Database System
Architecture
 In any data model, it is important to distinguish
between the description of the database and the
database itself.
 The description of a database is called database
schema which is specified during database design
and is not expected to change frequently.
 A displayed schema which is specified during
database design and is not expected to change
frequently.
 A displayed schema is called a schema diagram.
Database System
Architecture - Continued
 The architecture for database systems called the
three-schema architecture.
 The goal of the three schema architecture is to
separate the user applications and the physical
database.
 This architecture is also known as American National
Standards Institute (ANSI)/Standards Planning and
Requirements Committee (SPARC).
 In this architecture, schemas can be defined at the
following three levels:
Database System
Architecture - Continued
 The internal level has an internal schema which
describes the physical storage structure of the
database. The internal schema uses a physical data
model and describes the complete details of data
storage and access paths for the database.
 The conceptual level has a conceptual schema
which describes the structure of the whole database
for a community of users. The conceptual schema
hides the details of physical storage structures and
concentrates on describing entities, data types,
relationships, user operations and constraints.
Database System
Architecture - Continued
 The external or view level includes a number of
external schema or user view. Each external schema
describes the part of the database that a particular
user group is interested in and hides the rest of the
database from that user group.
Database System
Architecture - Continued
Figure below is illustrated the architecture of Database

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