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Structural Members

The document outlines the fundamentals of structural design, defining structures and their constituent parts such as beams, slabs, columns, and various types of supports. It also describes specific components related to bridge construction, including abutments, piers, decks, and trusses, detailing their functions and load-bearing capacities. Additionally, it categorizes structural elements into lines, surfaces, and volumes, explaining the types of loads they support.

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ebisabekele72
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18 views9 pages

Structural Members

The document outlines the fundamentals of structural design, defining structures and their constituent parts such as beams, slabs, columns, and various types of supports. It also describes specific components related to bridge construction, including abutments, piers, decks, and trusses, detailing their functions and load-bearing capacities. Additionally, it categorizes structural elements into lines, surfaces, and volumes, explaining the types of loads they support.

Uploaded by

ebisabekele72
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WEL-COME TO THEORY &

DESIGN OF STRUCTURE III 1

G.G. Schierle,
Architectural
Structures;
Angus J.
Macdonald, BU ET
Structure and H
ES
Architecture ST ILD IO
C (E A IN PI
EN BC ND 02/17/2025
G AN
ER S, AR CO
EF 19 D D
R 95 S E
)
2

STRUCTURAL MEMBERS
WHAT IS
WHAT IS STRUCTURAL TYPES?
STRUCTURE ?
MEMBERS?

BY Ruth K.& Sena M.


02/17/20
25
CONT……. 3

• Structure is organized combination of connected parts designed to provide some


measure of rigidity
• Structural member - is a constituent part of any structure or building
Beam
- long thick piece of wood or metal or concrete, etc., used in construction
Slabs
- are one of structural elements used as floors, roofs and stairs of buildings, and deck of brides
etc.
Columns
-are part of structural member that carry loads from the beams and slab down to the foundation.
bracing, brace
- a structural member used to stiffen a framework
Plate
-structural member consisting of a horizontal beam that provides bearing and anchorage
02/17/2025
CONT……… 4

Riser
-structural member consisting of the vertical part of a stair or step
Sill
structural member consisting of a continuous horizontal timber forming
the lowest member of
aframework or supporting structure.
support - any device that bears the weight of another thing; "there w
as no place to attach supports for a shelf
tread -
structural member consisting of the horizontal part of a stair or step
upright, vertical - a vertical structural member as a post or stake; "t
he ball sailed between the uprights"
02/17/2025
CONT………. 5

• Abutment – Endpoints of the bridge. They are reinforced so that


they can endure intense lateral pressures.
• Piers: When there are multiples spans in a bridge, then piers are
mounted at the end of each to give sustenance from forces and
vibrational effects, acting as supporting points for the bridge.
• Pier Caps/Headstock: Pier caps are also known as the
headstock. This functions as a space for girders to transfer loads
on bearings (that divide the load among all the piers), from the
superstructure components on the top
• Decks: Decks get the direct traffic load. Some basic decks can
be made of concrete and also from metal. These include travel
or walking paths, drainage systems, curbs, expansion
components, sidewalks and approach slabs. 02/17/2025
CONT……… 6

• Barriers – Sides of the bridge decks usually have additional barrier


components such as railings, handrails and ground fixtures.
• Bearing transfers loads from the girders to the pier caps. Bearing is a
component which supports part of the bridge and which transmits forces
from that part to another part of the structure whilst permitting angular
and/or linear movement between parts.
• Trusses: Trusses are made by joining triangular components to divide loads
and bending moments through the bridge. Some types are simple trusses,
suspension, and also cantilever trusses. The truss network provides a
surface for transportation which can be built as a deck truss, pony truss, or
through truss. Each truss differs in how the traffic will move on the bridge.

02/17/2025
CONT………… 7

02/17/2025
CONT………. 8

Structural elements can be lines, surfaces or volumes.


Line elements:
• Rod - axial loads
• Beam - axial and bending loads
• Struts or Compression members- compressive loads
• Ties, Tie rods, suspension cables, or wire
ropes - tension loads

02/17/2025
CONT……… 9

Surface elements:
• membrane - in-plane loads only
• shell - in plane and bending moments
• Concrete slab
• deck
• shear panel - shear loads only
Volumes:
• Axial, shear and bending loads for all three dimensions

02/17/2025

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