Calculating

Molar Mass
from
Colligative
Property Data
General Chemistry 2
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Learning Competency
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the
following:

Calculate molar mass using colligative

property data (STEM_GC11PP-IIId-f-118).

2
 ELICIT
For instance, the molar masses of Vitamin C and
nicotine can be determined from the temperatures
at which water solutions of these substances begin
to freeze. This technique is specially helpful when
identifying an unknown compound or determining
the formula of a newly isolated compound.
The topics in this lesson involve the use of
colligative property data to solve molar mass.
3
 Ask:
What is colligative
property?

What are the

colligative properties
of solutions? 4
 Colligative Property

Colligative properties are physical

properties of a solution that depends on
the amount of a solute but not on the
nature of solute. This means similar
amounts of completely different solutes
can alter these physical properties in
similar quantities. 5
 Colligative Property

Solutions have four colligative

properties namely: vapor
pressure lowering, boiling point
elevation, freezing point
depression, and osmotic
pressure. 6
Word Hunt

7
 RECAP
ENGAGE
BOILING POINT ELEVATION
The boiling point of a liquid is
defined as the temperature at
which the vapor pressure of the
liquid is equal to the prevailing
atmospheric pressure. Boiling
points measured under 1 atm
pressure are called normal
boiling points.
8
 Key Formulas

Concept Formula Description

Change in
boiling point
Δ 𝑇 𝑏 =𝑘𝑏 𝑚 Use this formula to
solve for change
where
● = change in boiling point in boiling point if
● is molal boiling point molal boiling
constant, and point constant
● is molality (m) in and molality are
mol/kg. given.

9
 RECAP

FREEZING POINT
DEPRESSION
The freezing point is the
temperature at which the liquid
changes to solid. At a given
temperature, if a substance is
added to a solvent (such as
water), the solute-solvent
interactions prevent the solvent
10
 Key Formulas

Concept Formula Description

Change in
freezing
Δ 𝑇 𝑓 =𝑘 𝑓 𝑚
where
Use this formula to
solve for change
point
● = change in freezing in freezing point
point if molal freezing
● is molal freezing point point constant
constant, and and molality are
● is molality (m) in given.
mol/kg.

11
EXPLORE

How about if molar

mass of substance is
unknown?

12
The molar masses of many organic
substances that are not soluble in
water, like fat soluble vitamins and
other natural products, can be found by
dissolving known amounts in a nonpolar
solvent such as camphor. The
temperature at which the solution
begins to freeze is noted. Then the
molar mass of the solute is determined
from the rearrangement of the freezing
point equation that we have studied
previously. 13
Remember

Rearrange EQUATIONS:

14
 Key Formulas

Formula

Δ 𝑇 𝑏 =𝑘𝑏 𝑚 Formula

where
● = change in boiling point Δ𝑇 𝑏
● is molal boiling point 𝑚=
constant, and
● is molality (m) in 𝑘𝑏
mol/kg.

15
 Key Formulas

Formula Formula

Δ 𝑇 𝑏 =𝑘𝑏 𝑚 mole
where 𝑚=
● = change in boiling point
● is molal boiling point 𝑘𝑔
constant, and
● is molality (m) in
Formula
mol/kg.

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒=(𝑚)(𝑘𝑔)
16
 Key Formulas

Formula

Δ 𝑇 𝑏 =𝑘𝑏 𝑚 Formula

where
g
● = change in boiling point
● is molal boiling point 𝑀𝑀=
constant, and
● is molality (m) in
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
mol/kg.

17
 Key Formulas

Formula

Δ 𝑇 𝑓 =𝑘 𝑓 𝑚 Formula

where
● = change in freezing Δ𝑇 𝑓
point
𝑚=
𝑘𝑓
● is molal freezing point
constant, and
● is molality (m) in
mol/kg.

18
 Key Formulas

Formula Formula

Δ 𝑇 𝑓 =𝑘 𝑓 𝑚 mole
where 𝑚=
● = change in freezing
point 𝑘𝑔
● is molal freezing point
constant, and
Formula
● is molality (m) in
mol/kg.
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒=(𝑚)(𝑘𝑔)
19
 Key Formulas

Formula

Δ 𝑇 𝑓 =𝑘 𝑓 𝑚 Formula

where
g
● = change in freezing
point 𝑀𝑀=
● is molal freezing point
constant, and
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
● is molality (m) in
mol/kg.

20
 Let’s Practice!

The ΔTf of Camphor is 179.80°C and its kf is

39.7°C/m. When 0.2000g of a compound X is added
to 100g of camphor, its freezing point drops to
179.29°C. what is the molar mass of compound X?

21
 Let’s Practice!

The ΔTf of Camphor is 179.80°C and its kf is

39.7°C/m. When 0.2000g of a compound X is added
to 100g of camphor, its freezing point drops to
179.29°C. what is the molar mass of compound X?

Molar mass = 153.85g/mol

22
 Let’s Practice!

A solution prepared by dissolving 0.300g of an

unknown volatile solute in 30g of carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4) has a boiling point that is
0.392°C higher than that of pure CCl4. What is the
molecular weight of the solute? kb = 5.03°C/m

23
 Let’s Practice!

A solution prepared by dissolving 0.300g of an

unknown volatile solute in 30g of carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4) has a boiling point that is
0.392°C higher than that of pure CCl4. What is the
molecular weight of the solute? kb = 5.03°C/m

Molar mass = 130.43g/mol

24
EXPLAIN
• GROUP
WORK
• INDIVIDUAL
PRACTICE
25
Try It!
EXPLAIN
1. When 27.3g of nonvolatile
molecular substance is
dissolved in 300g of water,
the solution begins to freeze
at -0.49°C. Find the molar
mass of the solute. kf of
water = 1.86°C/m
26
Try It!
EXPLAIN
2. When 2.55g of a substance is
dissolved in 150g of water, the
solution freezes at -0.42°C.
What would be the molar mass
of the substance? kf of
water = 1.86°C/m

27
Try It!
EXPLAIN
3. Find the molar mass of an
unknown nonvolatile molecular
solute if the solution begins to freeze
at -0.186°C. The solution was
prepared by dissolving 1.80g of
unknown solute in 1000g of water. kf
of water = 1.86°C/m

28
EXPLAIN
• GROUP WORK

• INDIVIDUA
L
PRACTICE 29
Tips
ELABORATE
Formula

Δ𝑇 𝑏
𝑚=
𝑘𝑏 30
Tips

Formula

Δ𝑇 𝑓
𝑚=
𝑘𝑓 31
Tips

Formula

mole
𝑚=
𝑘𝑔 32
Tips

Formula

m 𝑜𝑙𝑒=(𝑚)( 𝑘𝑔
33
Tips

Formula

g
𝑀𝑀=
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
34
 Let’s Sum It Up!
ELABORATE
Steps in finding for the molar mass from
colligative property data.
1. List the known quantities from the given
problem.
2. Find the molality of the solution using the
freezing point depression (Δtf) or boiling point
elevation (Δtb).

m = ΔTf /kf
35
 Let’s Sum It Up!
ELABORATE
3. Use the molality equation to calculate
the moles of solute.
mol solute = m x kg H2O
4. Divide the mass solute by the moles
solute to determine the molar mass.

Molar mass = mass solute/moles solute

36
Challenge Yourself
EVALUATE

FIST TO
FIVE!!!
37
Challenge Yourself
EVALUATE

EXIT TICKET

38
EXTEND
Research projects on
applications of
colligative properties in
real-world scenarios.
39