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Volumeofrevolution-Disk Method

The document discusses the concept of volumes of revolution, focusing on how to calculate the volume of solids formed by rotating areas around the x-axis and y-axis using integral calculus. It provides formulas for volume calculation, examples, and common errors to avoid during integration. The document also includes exercises for practice with solutions provided.

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ndingohomukhovha4
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27 views16 pages

Volumeofrevolution-Disk Method

The document discusses the concept of volumes of revolution, focusing on how to calculate the volume of solids formed by rotating areas around the x-axis and y-axis using integral calculus. It provides formulas for volume calculation, examples, and common errors to avoid during integration. The document also includes exercises for practice with solutions provided.

Uploaded by

ndingohomukhovha4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Volume of Revolution

We’ll first look at the area between the lines


y=x, ...
• x = 1, . . .
• and the x-axis.

• Can you see what shape you will get if you rotate the
area through about the x-axis?
We’ll first look at the area between the lines
y=x, ...

x = 1, . . .
and the x-axis.
V  13  r 2 h
The formula for the volume found by
rotating any area about the x-axis is
y  f (x)
b
V 
a
y 2 dx
x

a b

where y  f (x ) is the curve forming the upper edge of


the area being rotated.
a and b are the x-coordinates at the left- and right-hand edges of
the area.

We leave the answers in terms of
We must substitute for y using b 2
before we integrate. a
V  y dx

So, for our cone, using integration, we get


1
V  0 x1 2 dx y x
 x3 
   r
 3  0
0 1
 1 
   0  1  h
 3  3
The formula can be proved by
splitting the area into narrow strips
. . . which are rotated about the x- y
axis.
x
Each tiny piece is approximately a
cylinder ( think of a penny on its side ).

Each piece, or element, has a


volume
  r 2 h   y 2dx
The formula comes from adding an infinite number
of these elements. b
V 

2
y dx
a
e.g. 1(a) The area formed by the curve
y  x (1  x )
and the x-axis from x = 0 to x = 1 is
rotated through radians about the
2
x-axis. Find the volume of the solid
formed.

Solution: To find a volume we don’t need a


sketch unless we are not sure what limits of
integration we need. However, a sketch is
often helpful.
As these are the first examples I’ll sketch the
curves.
(a) rotate the area between
y  x (1  x ) and the x - axis from 0 to 1.
y  x (1  x )
area rotate about
the x-axis

b
y  x (1  x )
V 
 a
y 2 dx
 2 2
y  x (1  x ) 2
A common error in
finding a volume is
2 to
y 2  x 2 (1  2 x  x 2 )
get wrong. So
y 2 2
y x  2x  x 3 4

beware!
(a) rotate the area between
y  x (1  x ) and the x - axis from 0 to 1.
y  x (1  x )

b
y2 x2  2x3  x4
V 

2
y dx
a a = 0, b = 1

0 x 
1 2 3 4
 V   2 x  x dx
 x 
1 2
 V   2 x 3  x 4 dx
0
1
x 3
2x x  4 5
    
 3 42 5  0
  1 1 1 
       0 
  3 2 5 
1
 
30


30
Volumes of Revolution

Rotation about the y-


axis
To rotate an area about the y-axis we use
the same formula but with x and y swapped.
b d
V  a
2
y dx V  c x 2 dy
The limits of integration are now values of y
giving the top and bottom of the area that is
rotated.
As we have to substitute for x from the
equation of the curve we will have to
rearrange the equation.
Volumes of Revolution
e.g. The area bounded by the curve y x ,
the y-axis and the line y = 2 is rotated 360 
through about the y-axis. Find the
volume of the solid formed.
y 2
y x
 x  y2
y x
 x2  y4

d 2
V  c x dy  V 
2
0 y 4 dy
Volumes of Revolution

2
V  0 y 4 dy
2
 y  5
  
 5 0
 5  
 2 
      0 
 5  
  
32

5
Exercis
e
1(a) The area formed by the curve y x2 x 0
for
the y-axis and the line y = 3 is rotated
through
2
radians about the y-axis. Find the
volume of the solid formed.
(b) The area formed by the curve 1 ,
y
the y-axis and the lines y = 1 andx y = 2 is
rotated
through2 radians about the y-axis. Find
the volume of the solid formed.
Solutions
: for , the y-axis and the line y =
(a) y  x 2 x  0
3.

d
y x 2
V  c
2
x dy

3
 V  0 y dy
3
 y  2
9
   
 2  0
2
1, the y-axis and the lines y = 1 and y =
(b) y 
2. x
Solution: d
V  c x 2 dy 1 1
y  x
2 1 x y
 V  1 2
dy 2 1
y  x  2
 1
2 y
   
 y 1

 1  
  
     1   
  2  2

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