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Calculus II - Chapter I

The document provides an overview of anti-differentiation, also known as integration, outlining its definitions, notation, and basic rules. It explains the difference between definite and indefinite integrals, introduces the power rule, and presents several integration rules with examples. Key rules include the integral of a constant multiplied by a function and the integral of the sum and difference of functions.

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Josephine Agustine
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10 views21 pages

Calculus II - Chapter I

The document provides an overview of anti-differentiation, also known as integration, outlining its definitions, notation, and basic rules. It explains the difference between definite and indefinite integrals, introduces the power rule, and presents several integration rules with examples. Key rules include the integral of a constant multiplied by a function and the integral of the sum and difference of functions.

Uploaded by

Josephine Agustine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANTI - DIFFERENTIATION

A N T I – D I F F R E N T I AT I O N

2 Basic Operations in Calculus :


1. DIFFERENTIATION
2. ANTI – DIFFERENTIATION / INTEGRATION

y = 2x5 y’ = 10x4
ANTI - DIFFERENTIATION
DEFINITIONS

• Definite integral is denoted by a number


that represents the area under a curve
that a certain limits (upper and lower).

• An indefinite integral has no limits and


no exact value.
THE NOTATION AND SYMBOLS USED
IN WRITING INTEGRALS

∫ is called the integral sign


f’(x)dx is called the integrand
dx is the variable of differentiation
f(x) + C is the definite integral
C is called the arbitrary constant of integration
BASIC INTEGRATION FORMULAS
BASIC FORM

•∫ f(x) dx = F(x) + c
THE FIRST RULE
Rule no. 1 : Power Rule of Integration

if n is any real number except −𝟏, then


The Power Rule for Integration states that

the integral of with respect to x is + C,


where C is the constant of integration.
RULE NO. 1

• ∫ dx = + C , n ≠ -1

Example:

1. ∫ dx ∫ dx = + C = ​+ C

2. ∫ dx ∫ =∫ = + C = ​. + C

3. ∫ dx

4. ∫ dx
2 N D RULE THE INTEGRAL OF

• The integral of is

∫ dx = ln |x| + C n = -1
E X A M P L E

∫ dx ∫ dx
∫ dx = ∫ 4 ⋅ ∫ dx = ∫ 12 ⋅ dx
dx
= 4 ∫ dx = 12 ∫
dx
= 4 (ln |x| + = 12 (ln |x| + C)
= 12 ln |x| +
= 12 ln |x| + C’
C)
C’
3 RD RULE
INTEGRAL OF THE DERIVATIVE OF X

• Rule 3 : Integral of the Derivative of x. This theorem


states that the integral of the derivative of x is x since
integration and differentiation are inverse operations, we
can just simply eliminate the two operations.

∫ dx = x + C
EXAMPLE
S

1. ∫ ∫ 4dx = 4 ∫ dx = 4x
4dx +C
2. ∫ ∫ kdx = k ∫ dx = kx +
kdx C
3. ∫
πdy
4. ∫
5. ∫
23x
dx
4 TH RULE
INTEGRAL OF A CONSTANT m
MULTIPLIED BY A FUNCTION

• Rule no. 4 : Integral of a Constant m Multiplied


by a Function.
• The theorem states that in finding the integral
of a constant times a function, we can first solve
for the integral of the function then multiply it

∫ m ⋅ f(x)dx = m ∫ f(x)dx
with the constant
EXAM P L ES

1. ∫
3dx 2. ∫
∫ 3dx = 3∫ 6dx
6x + C

dx 3. ∫
= 3 (x + 7dx
7x + C

C)
= 3x +
C
5 TH RULE
INTEGRAL OF THE SUM AND
DIFFERENCE OF FUNCTIONS

• Rule no. 5 : Integral of the Sum and


Difference of Functions It states in theorem
that in finding in the integral of the sum or
difference of function, we can first solve for
the integral of each function separately then
add or subtract the integrals
∫ [ f(x) g(x) ] dx = ∫ f(x) dx g(x) dx
EXAMPLE

∫ (3x
+5)dx
∫ (3x +5)dx = ∫ 3x dx + ∫
5 dx = 3∫ x dx + 5 ∫
dx
= 3 + 5 (x) +C

= 3 () + 5x + C

= +5x +C

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