g

Group 5

Presented by:
Muhammad Salman
Muhammad Afnan
Bachelor's Semester (RS and GIS).

Submitted to:
Ms. Kinza Noor
Understandin
g
Array, its
Types
&
Initialization
Definition:

“Array is a way to take Multiple values

(of same categories) using singleA.

Identifier”
Types of Arrray:

1. One dimensional Array 2. Two dimensional Array

3.Three dimensional Array 4. Multi- dimentional Array

Basic structure: e.g: Int num[3]={12,13,14};
Data type = int
Array name = num
Data-type, Array name , [content size] Content size = [3]

Without Array:
int num1=10; int num2=20 ;
int num3=30 ; int num4=40 ;

Using Array:
int num[4]= {10,20,30,40} ;
 Index of Array
 Zero-Based Indexing: In C, array indices start from 0. This means that
the first element of an array is at index 0, the second element is at
index 1, and so on.
 Unique Identifier: Each element in an array has a unique index that
distinguishes
Index 0 Index1 Index2
Index3
it from other
10 elements.
20 30 40
To call data by index:
printf(%d, num[0]); printf(%d, num[1]);

printf(%d, num[2]); printf(%d, num[3]);

Array Declaration: Array Initialization:

“Array declaration is the process of defining the “Array initialization is the process of
characteristics of an array” assigning values to the elements of
an array.”
 Data type: The type of data that the array will hold
 Name: The identifier or name given to the array.  Example:
 Size: The number of elements that the array will
int scores[4] = {10, 20, 30, 40, };
hold.
OR
int scores[4];
 data_type array_name[array_size]; scores[0] = 10;
scores[1] = 20;
e.g: int num[4] scores[2] = 30;
scores[3] = 40;
 Types of Array
1) One Dimensional Array:
“It is a data structure that stores a collection
of elements of the same data type in a single
row or column.”
Key Characteristics: int scores[5] = {90, 80, 70, 60, 50};

Single Row or Column: A 1D array stores elements in a single row or column, unlike multi-dimensional
arrays that store elements in rows and columns.
Same Data Type: All elements in a 1D array must be of the same data type, such as integers, floating-
point numbers, or characters.
Indexed Elements: Each element in a 1D array is identified by an index or subscript, whichallows for
efficient access and manipulation.
Practical: Output Explanation:
num[0] = 10
#include <stdio.h> num[1] = 20 [4]: This specifies the size of the array, which is 4 elements.
num[2] = 30
int main() { num[3] = 40 (int i = 0; i < 4; i++): This is the loop control statement.
int i = 0: Initializes a variable i to 0.
int num[4] = {10, 20, 30, 40}; i < 4: Specifies the condition for the loop to continue. As

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { ` long as i is less than 4, the loop will execute.
i++: Increments the value of i by 1 after each iteration.
printf("num[%d] = %d\n", i, num[i]);

} Loop control statements: In C programming language

are essential tools that allow for the execution of certain
return 0;
} operations repeatedly until a specified condition is met.
Two Dimensional Array:

“It is a data structure that stores a collection of elements

of the same data type in a table-like structure with rows
and columns”
0 1 2

0 10 20 30
1 40 50 60
Key Characteristics:
(int num[2][3] = {10, 20, 30,40, 50, 60})
 It store elements in table-like structure with rows and columns.

 In 2-d array variable are declared using two pair of square brackets. i.e: [2]
[3].

 It is more complex than 1-D due to rows and columns.

 Practical Program execution in
Output
10 20 30 software
#include <stdio.h> 40 50 60
int main() {

int num[2][3] = {

{10, 20, 30},

{40, 50, 60}
};

for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {

printf("%d ", num[i][j]);

}
printf("\n");
}
return 0; }
Three Dimensional Array:

“It is a data structure that stores a collection of elements of the

same data type in a three-dimensional space.” A.

int num[2][3][4]= { {{1, 2,3, 4}, 0 1 2 3

{5, 6, 7, 8}, 0 1 2 3 4
{9,10,11,132}},
1 5 6 7 8

{{13,14,15,16}, 2 9 10 11 12
{17, 18,19,20}, 0 1 2 3
{21,22,23,24,}}
}; 0 13 14 15 16

 A three-dimensional array, also known 1 17 18 19 20

as a 3D array or a cubic array. 2 21 22 23 24
 Practical Program execution in
#include <stdio.h>
int main() { Outout software
int num[2][3][4] = { 1234
{{1, 2, 3, 4}, 5678
{5, 6, 7, 8}, 9 10 11 12
{9, 10, 11, 12}},
13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20
{{13, 14, 15, 16}, 21 22 23 24
{17, 18, 19, 20},
{21, 22, 23, 24}} };
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
printf("%d ", num[i][j][k]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
} return 0;}
Multi-Dimensional Array:

“A multi-dimensional array is an array with more than

one level or dimension. Such as a 2D array, or two-
dimensional array and 3-D or cubic array”

Example of 2-D Array:

0 1 2
0 10 20 30

1 40 50 60

(int num[2][3] = {10, 20, 30,40, 50, 60})