THE

NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Major Divisions and Parts of the Nervous System
The Nervous system connects all your body parts and
transmits signals from one part of the body to another
 It has three broad functions:
- sensory input
- information processing
- motor output
Its primary function is to coordinate, regulate the
body’s responses to internal and external stimuli and
control the body functions.
Each part of the nervous system plays a specific role
and important function to our body(Acosta,et al 2015).
is divided into:
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
 Brain
 Spinal Cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

 Somatic Nervous System
-Spinal Nerves
-Cranial Nerves
 Autonomic Nervous System
(Involuntary control system, subconscious)
-Sympathetic Nervous System
(Fight-or-flight response)
-Parasympathetic Nervous System
(Rest-and-digest or
Feed-and-breed responses)
FUNCTIONS:

Central Nervous System (CNS)

serves as the main processing center for the
entire nervous system.
It consists of two main components: Brain and
Spinal Cord.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
connects the central nervous system to the
organs, muscles, and senses in the periphery of
the body.
It has two main divisions: Somatic Nervous
System and Autonomic Nervous System.
Parts Function
CNS- an organ located within the skull that functions
as organizer and distributor of information for the
A. body.It has three main parts
Brain
large, front of brain that performs higher
Cerebru functions like thoughts (reasoning, learning) and
m actions (coordination of movement), interpreting
touch, vision, hearing, speech, and emotions.
Cerebellu back of brain, under the cerebrum that is
m responsible for voluntary muscle movements,
posture, balance, and coordination.
Brain middle brain: the relay center that connects the
stem brain to the spinal cord and controls automatic
functions and involuntary muscle movements
such as breathing, digestion, heart rate, and
blood pressure
B. serves as channel for signals between the brain
Peripheral Nervous System
Parts Function
Primarily sense the external
a.Somatic environment (through hearing, touch,
Nervous and sight) and controls voluntary
System muscle activities. It has two main
(SNS) parts: spinal nerves and cranial
(Voluntary nerves.
system, muscle
movement)
Spinal The nerves that carry motor, sensory,
Nerves and autonomic signals between the
spinal cord and the body.
Cranial The nerve fibers that carry
Nerves information related to the eyes,
mouth, tongue, ears, neck, and
Peripheral Nervous System
b. Autonomic This system is associated with
Nervous the involuntary control of body
System. movements and has two
subdivisions:
Sympathetic - it is activated
when the body is in a dynamic
role or
stress. (e.g., increased heart
rate and breathing, dilation of
pupil,
sweating, etc.)
Parasympathetic - it
maintains body functions and
NEURON or NERVE CELL

86 billion neurons

It can communicate with other cells by transmitting
electrochemical signals called nerve impulses along a
neuron at the synapse.
are responsible for receiving sensory inputs or stimulus
like touch, pain, or heat and for sending motor
instructions from the brain to the muscles
Nerve cell – also known as neuron, the basic unit of the
nervous system. They are cells with the special
ability to carry signals or impulses.
Cell body(soma) –contains the nucleus of the neuron/nerve cell
Dendrites – carry nerve impulses toward the cell body.
Axons – carry nerve impulses away from the cell body.
Nerve impulse – is the way nerve cells communicate with
one another. It is an electrochemical signal moving along
neuron either in response to a stimulus or as an instruction
from the brain.
Synapse is a small gap at the end of the neuron that allows
signal to pass from one neuron to the next.
 In general, the primary purpose of Central Nervous
System is to process and analyze information while the
purpose of Peripheral Nervous System is to follow the
command of Central Nervous System.

 Both parts of the nervous system work in tandem.

 Without the Peripheral Nervous System, the Central

Nervous System would not have any sensory input to
process, making it impossible to react to the
environment. Likewise, the Peripheral Nervous System
relies upon the Central Nervous System to coordinate
information from different body parts and make
decisions about how you should react in each situation
(Adams 2018).
ROLE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
regulating feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis
performed by the hypothalamus
(negative feedback and positive feedback)
Homeostasis is the tendency of an organism to
maintain a stable, relatively constant internal balance
or equilibrium by self regulation.
Homeostatic control mechanisms have at least

three components: a receptor, a control center,

and a effector.

coordinates and regulates bodily functions by functioning

together to support life.
When change occurs in a system or
environment, the receptors sense changes,
or environmental stimuli, sending the
information to the control center (in
most cases, the brain), where it generates
a response that is sent to effector. The
effector (muscle or a gland) will then carry
out the required response to bring it back to
normal or increase the output of the system.
Direction: Read the questions carefully. Choose the best
answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1.Amnesia is the disruption of thought processing; that is

why people with amnesia will have a hard time
recalling some of their memories. Which part of the
brain is affected?
A. Brain Stem C. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum D. Hypothalamus
2. What do you call the gap between two neurons where
the neurotransmitter crosses to stimulate the nerve
impulse to start in the next dendrite?
A. Synapse C. Axon Terminals
B. Dendrites D. Axons
3. Reiner was chased by a dog, his heart rate increased,
now that he has escaped, his heart rate is slowly
returning to normal, this reaction is the work of which
part of the Autonomic Nervous System?
A. Sympathetic C. Parasympathetic
B. Somatic D. Peripheral

4. Which of the following body activities are NOT

regulated by the Autonomic Nervous System?
A. Beating of the heart.
B. Breathing
C. Peristalsis of the intestines.
D. Thought or information processing.
5. What part of nervous system is the responsible in maintaining
homeostasis?
A. Brain Stem C. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum D. Hypothalamus
6. Which part of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for
carrying motor and sensory information both to and from the
Central Nervous System?
A. Autonomic Nervous System
B. Parasympathetic Nervous System
C. Somatic Nervous System
D. Sympathetic Nervous System
7. Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?
A. Controls the growth and development, metabolism,
and reproduction.
B. Coordinates voluntary and involuntary activities.
C. Generates a coordinated response to stimuli.
D. Integrates sensory information.
8. If we compare the nervous system to an electric grid, the
________ could be the powerhouse which produces the
electricity while the _________ could represent the cable
wires that connect the powerhouse to every house in the
city by bringing the electricity. What major division of
the nervous system does the statement refer to?
A. Sympathetic Nervous System, Parasympathetic
Nervous System
B. Somatic Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous
System
C. Motor Nervous System, Integrative Nervous
System
D. Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous
System
9. You and your friends went swimming in the cold mountain
spring resort at Eden-Bayabas, Toril. As you enter the
pool,
your body felt the cold and freezing water. As a response,
you start quivering or shivering. What is your body trying
to achieve by shivering?
A. Hematopoiesis C. Hormone regulation
B. Homeostasis D. None of the above

10. Which of the following statements would best describe

how to keep your Nervous System healthy?
A. Avoid smoking and drinking excessive alcohol.
B. Eat a balanced diet.
C. Make it a goal to get 7 to 8 hours of sleep.
D. All the above