N )

Engineering U T I O
I B
MathematicsI S T R
D
R
Trigonometry
F O
1.2.1 Angles O T and
(N
Triangles H T
I G
Y R
O P
John Gabriel G. Decena M.Eng
C
Department of Aeronautical Engineering

AE525 JGGD1 – 1
 What is Trigonometry?ON)
T I
UB with the
It is branch of mathematics dealing
R I
relations of the sides and angles of
S T triangles and
with the relevant functions of any Iangles.
D
O R
Etymology: The term "trigonometry" was derived
from the
F
Greek T word "τριγωνομετρία“
N O
("trigonometria"), meaning "triangle measuring",
from "τρίγωνο"T ((triangle) plus "μετρεῖν" (to
measure).
G H
R I
P Y
C O
AE525 JGGD1 – 2
 Branches of Trigonometry N)
I O
U T
• Plane Trigonometry I B
T R
I S
D
O R
F
• Spherical Trigonometry
T O
( N
H T
I G
Y R
O P
C
AE525 JGGD1 – 3
 Angles N )
I O
U T
• An angle is the figure formed I Bby two
rays or line segments, calledT R the
I
sides of the angle, sharing
S
D a common
endpoint, called theOR
vertex of the
angle. F
T O
( N
H T
I G
Y R
O P
C
AE525 JGGD1 – 4
 Parts of an Angle N )
I O
U T
I B
T R
I S
D
O R
F
O T
(N
H T
I G
Y R
O P
C
AE525 JGGD1 – 5
 Types of Angle N )
I O
U T
I B
T R
I S
D
O R
F
O T
(N
H T
I G
Y R
O P
C
AE525 JGGD1 – 6
 Angle Direction N )
I O
U T
• OX is called the initial I B
T R
side while OP is called I S
the terminal side. D
R
• Positive Angle – if the FO
direction of rotationO T is
counter clockwise.(N
• Negative AngleH T – if the
direction I Gof rotation is
Y R
clockwise.
P
C O
AE525 JGGD1 – 7
 Measurement of Angles N)
O I
U T
I B
• Degree (°) – is the
T R
measure of the central
I S
angle subtended by an D
arc of a circle equal to R
1/360 of FO
the
circumference of Tthe
circle. N O
(
• Minute (‘) - isT 1/60 of a
degree; GH
• A Second
I
R (“) is 1/60 of a
P
minute,
Y or 1/3600 of a
C O
degree.
AE525 JGGD1 – 8
 Measurement of Angles N)
O I
U T
I B
• Radian (rad) – is R
S T
defined as the
D I
measure of the R
central angle FO
subtended by an O T
(N
arc of the circle
H T
equal toGthe
radius
I
Rof the
P Y
circle.
O
C
AE525 JGGD1 – 9
 Relations between Radian, Gradient,)
and Degree N
IO T
B U
• 360° = 2pi‍ R I
S T
• 180° = pi
D I
• 1 degree = 60 min or 60’ R
• 1 min = 60 sec or 60” FO
• 90 deg = 100 grad OT
• π rad = 180 deg. (
N
H T
I G
Y R
O P
C
AE525 JGGD1 – 10
 Degree to Radian N )
I O
U T
I B
T R
I S
D
O R
F
O T
(N
H T
I G
Y R
O P
C
AE525 JGGD1 – 11
 Let’s Try! N )
I O
U T
• Formula: I B
• Rad = deg x (π/180) T R
I S
• Deg = (rad x 180)/π D
O R
F
O T
(N
H T
I G
Y R
O P
C
AE525 JGGD1 – 12
 Let’s Try! N )
I O
U T
I B
• On a circle of R
S T
radius r, a central
D I
angle of Ɵ radians, R
intercepts an arc ofFO
length O T
(N
H T
G Ɵ should be
• Warning: Ithe
Y R before
in radians
P
multiplying
O
C
AE525 JGGD1 – 13
 Let’s Try! N )
I O
TU
• Find the length of the arc in a circle
I B with a
diameter of 8 feet, if the central
T R angle
S
determining it measures 330 degrees.
I
• Answer: To find the length ofDthe arc in a circle
O
with a diameter of 8 feet,Rif the central angle
determining it measuresF 330 degrees, first you
need to change the O T degrees to radians:
330
(N
H T
I G
Y R
O P
C
AE525 JGGD1 – 14
 Area of a Sector N )
I O
U T
I B
• A sector of a circle is R
S T
the region bounded by I
D
an arc of the circle and
R
FO
the sides of a central
angle. O T
(N
H T
I G
Y R
O P
C
AE525 JGGD1 – 15
 Try this One! N )
I O
U T
I B
R
• 1. Find the area of the sector of a circle with a 9-
T the sector is
inch radius if the central angleSof
5π/6. D I
• Answer: Use the formula forR
O the area of a sector,
F
O T
(N
H T
I G
Y R
O P
C
AE525 JGGD1 – 16
 Angular Velocity N )
I O
U T
I B
• The relationship
T R
between the linear
I S
velocity v and the D
angular velocity w
O R
(Greek letter Omega) F
for an object with T
radius r is: N O
(
• Where wT is
measured G inHradians
per unitRofI time, t is
time,PY and v is
C O
distance per unit of
time.
AE525 JGGD1 – 17
 Example! N )
I O
U T
I B
R
• A bicycle with 20 inch wheels is travelling down
Tvelocity of the
S
a road at 15 mi/h. Find the angular
I
D
wheel in revolutions per minute.
mi 15mi 5280ft 12in O R 1h in
v 15  x x F x 15,840
hr hr 1mi T 1ft 60min min
O
v 15840in/mi(nN
w 
r H
10in T 1584rad/min
G we multiply by ½ π revolution per radian (r/rad).
To change w toIr/min,
Y R
O P
w 1584
rad 1584rad
 x
1r

792r
or 252r/min
C min 1min 2ππra πmin

AE525 JGGD1 – 18
 Another One N )
I O
U T
B I
• A wheel that is drawn by a R belt is
S T
making 1 revolution perI second (r/s).
D
If the wheel is 18 cmRin diameter,
what is the linear F O
velocity of the belt
in cm/s? O T
( N
r 1r 2T rad
1  x H 2rad / s
s 1s IG 1r
Y R
P
v Orw 9( 2 ) 18
cm
or 57 cm / s
C s
AE525 JGGD1 – 19
 The Unit Circle N )
I O
U T
I B
• A circle having
T R
a center at the
I S
origin and D
radius 1.
O R
• All the F
resulting O T
values are (N
between 1 and T
-1. WhereGH the
signs R I
depend
on PY the
O
quadrant.
C
AE525 JGGD1 – 20
 Unit Circle and Quadrants N)
I O
U T
I B
T R
I S
D
O R
F
O T
(N
H T
I G
Y R
O P
C
AE525 JGGD1 – 21
 Unit Circle N )
I O
U T
I
• Determine the quadrant of the following B
T R
I S
1 D 5
a .)  b.)2 OcR.)  d .)  3
12 F 8
O T
(
Ans:
N Ans: Third Ans: Third
Ans: First
H T
Second quadrant quadrant
quadrant
R IGquadrant
P Y
C O
AE525 JGGD1 – 22
 Polygons N )
I O
U T
• A polygon is any 2-dimensional R I
shape
B
formed
with straight lines. Triangles,S T quadrilaterals,
pentagons, and hexagons are I
D all examples of
polygons. R
FO
O T
(N
H T
I G
Y R
O P
C
AE525 JGGD1 – 23
 Polygons N )
I O
U T
I B
T R
I S
D
O R
F
O T
(N
H T
I G
Y R
O P
C
AE525 JGGD1 – 24
 Polygons N )
I O
U T
I B
• Sum of Interior Angles R
S I(SnT  2 )180
D
• 2. R regular polygon
Each Interior Angle (Ɵ),
FO
(n 2O T 
)180

(Nn
T H
• 3.
IG of Diagonal
Number
R
Y n( n  3 )
O P D
where:
C n = no. of sides 2
AE525 JGGD1 – 25
 Example N )
I O
U T
B
• What is the total sum of theRIinterior
S T
angles of a hexagon? I
D
• Answer: 180° (6 - 2)O=R 720°
F
O T
(N Aero Board Exam
• November T2013,
G H
R I
P Y
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AE525 JGGD1 – 26