Subject: biology

Lesson title: movement

in and out of the cell
Routin 1) Revision on the previous lesson.
e

2) Divide the students into groups to make competition

between them to answer the questions about the
previous lesson.
Lesson
Objectiv
es

1 Identify the process of diffusion.

2 Explain the importance of diffusion.

Lesson
Objectiv
e1

Identify the process of diffusion.

 Types of the cell

Revis
ion
 Objective 1:Identify the process of diffusion.

What are the needs of the cell?

Lesson
Conten
t 1) Food materials
where they can respire to get energy
or use to build cell structures.
2) Mineral ions and water
which play a part in chemical
reactions.
3) Get rid of substances like carbon
dioxide
which will upset some of the chemical
reactions or poison the cell.
 What happens when you spray a
Warm- perfume?
up
Activit  The particles will move from place to
y another and spread out.
 the reason you can smell perfume is because
the particles diffuse into the air, making
their way to your nose.
 Objective 1:Identify the process of diffusion.

 Molecules of gas like oxygen they move all the

Lesson time and also molecules of liquids or substances
Conten like sugar dissolved in water.
t

 As a result of this movement the molecules

spread out to fill the available space.

Molecules of gas, liquid or dissolved substance

move from the region that has a lot of them
(high concentrated area) to the region that has
few of them (low concentrated area).
 Objective 1:Identify the process of diffusion.

Diffusion
Lesson
Conten
t
 Diffusion:
is the net movement of particles from a region
of their higher concentration to a region of
their lower concentration down a
concentration gradient, as a result of their
random movement.
 It’s a passive process and doesn’t require
energy, it takes place until equilibrium is
reached.
 Objective 1:Identify the process of diffusion.

Lesson
Conten
t
 Objective 1:Identify the process of diffusion.

 It is also important to understand that

Lesson diffusion is quite often how molecules move
Conten in and out of our cells through the cell
t membrane.
 A cell surrounded by nutrients (red dots). We
can see that on the left, there are a lot more
nutrients outside the cell than inside the
cell.
 By diffusion, the nutrients will diffuse into
the cell (from higher to lower
concentration) until the number of
nutrients inside and outside the cell are
balanced.
 Objective 1:Identify the process of diffusion.

Lesson What happens during aerobic respiration?

Conten
t  The concentration of oxygen inside the cell
falls, so oxygen molecules diffuse into the cell
until concentration raised again.

What happens during the tissue respiration?

 Cells produce carbon dioxide so the amount
of carbon dioxide inside the cell increases
then diffusion takes place and molecules of
carbon dioxide move out of the cell.
 Objective 1:Identify the process of diffusion.

Lesson  Moving in and out of the cell depends on the cell

Conten membrane.
t
 The small molecules like water, oxygen and carbon
dioxide pass through the cell membrane easily.

 So, diffusion tend to balance the concentration of

these molecules in and out of the cell all the time.
 Objective 1:Identify the process of diffusion.

factors that affect the rate of diffusion:

Lesson
Conten 1) Concentration gradient:
t  The higher the concentration gradient, the
higher the rate of diffusion.

 The bigger the difference in the

concentration of a substance on both
sides of a membrane, the faster it will
tend to diffuse.
 The difference is called concentration
gradient.
 Objective 1:Identify the process of diffusion.

2)Temperature:
Lesson
Conten
t
 The higher the temperature, the higher the
rate of diffusion. This is because molecules
are faster and have more kinetic energy
with higher temperatures.
 Objective 2:Explain the importance of diffusion.

 Most living things need a source of oxygen for

Lesson respiration.
Conten  This moves into organism by diffusion.
t  Small animals with a large surface area to volume
ratio may get oxygen through their body surface.
 Larger animals need gas exchange organs like lungs
or gills, which provide a large surface area for gas
exchange.
 They also need circulatory system to move the
oxygen to all their cells.
 Carbon dioxide produced during aerobic
respiration can be toxic if it builds up.
 It’s removed by the same way, by diffusion.
 Objective 1:Identify the process of diffusion.

3)Surface area of the membrane

Lesson
Conten  The larger the surface area, the higher the
t rate of diffusion.
 If 100 molecules diffuse through 1mm of a
membrane in one minute, then an area of
2mm should allow twice of the molecules to
pass.

 Cells which are involved in rapid absorption,

such as those in the kidney or the intestine,
have hundreds of tiny projections on the
surface called microvilli which increase
surface area and absorption.
 Objective 1:Identify the process of diffusion.

Lesson  Also the shape of the cell affects the surface

Conten area.
t For example:
The cell A has greater surface area than the cell B,
even though they have the same volume
Objectiv What does diffusion mean?
e1 Net movement of particles from high concentration to low down
Check concentration gradient.
Point
What are the factors that affect the diffusion rate?
Surface area, distance, size of molecules, temperature and
concentration gradient.

What’s the importance of microvilli? And where are they?

Tiny projections found in the cells.
In kidneys and intestine.
Plenary

What did you learn today?

Lesson
Objectiv
e2
Explain the importance of diffusion.
 Objective 2:Explain the importance of diffusion.

 Cell membranes have the almost the same thickness

Lesson
(0.007µm), but plant cells vary in thickness and
Conten permeability (how easily a substance pass through)
t

 The thicken the cell wall the slower

the rate of diffusion in plant cells.
 Objective 2:Explain the importance of diffusion.

Lesson
Conten
t
 Objective 2:Explain the importance of diffusion.

4)Distance
Lesson
 The shorter the distance, the higher the rate of diffusion.
Conten
t
 When oxygen diffuses from alveoli in the
lungs into the red blood cells, it has to
travel through the cell membrane of
alveoli, the blood capillaries, the red blood
cells and the cytoplasm of each cell. This
increased distance slows down the
diffusion rate.
 Objective 2:Explain the importance of diffusion.

Lesson 5)Size of molecules:

Conten
 The smaller the size of diffusing
t
molecules the faster the rate of
diffusion.

 Size of molecules and distance are inversely

proportional to the diffusion rate.
 But the other factors are directly proportional.
 Objective 2:Explain the importance of diffusion.

Lesson Diffusion and concentration

Conten gradient and distance
t
 Bring a glass tube and close the open end with
cork and place red litmus paper on the glass tube
from the inside and put a cotton wool soaked in
ammonia solution and check the time taken by
each paper to turn into blue by the alkaline
ammonia vapor.
 The first paper which is the nearest to the cotton
wool turns into blue fast because the distance
between it and the cotton wool is small.
 Objective 2:Explain the importance of diffusion.

Importance of diffusion:
Lesson
Conten
t 1. Gaseous exchange in alveoli in lungs
occurs by diffusion.

2. Glucose and amino acids are absorbed

by diffusion from the small intestine
when their concentration is higher.
 Objective 2:Explain the importance of diffusion.

Lesson 3. Gaseous exchange through the

Conten stomata in the leaves of the plants.
 Plants when they make
t
photosynthesis process they use
carbon dioxide gas and produce
oxygen and water vapor (in a process
called transpiration).
 The rate of diffusion of water vapor
depends on temperature, humidity
and wind speed.
 Objective 2:Explain the importance of diffusion.

Importance of diffusion:
Lesson
Conten
t Solutes:
 Some mineral ions in solutions like nitrates
and magnesium diffuse across the tissue of
the plant roots, but most are absorbed into
the roots by active transport
In ileum:
 Water-soluble vitamins like vitamin C are absorbed
into the blood stream by diffusion.
 In kidneys some solutes like urea and mineral ions
pass back into the blood stream by diffusion.
 At first glucose is reabsorbed by diffusion but also
active transport is also involved.
  What’s the importance of diffusion?
Gas exchange in alveoli and stomata of the plant
Objectiv Glucose and amino acid absorption in the small intestine.
e2
Check  What happens to the diffusion rate in the following cases:
point 1) Size of molecules decreases.
Diffusion rate increases (faster)
2) Distance increases.
Diffusion decreases (slower)
 How do small animals get oxygen?
Through their body surface.
 How do large animals get oxygen?
Through special organs like lungs and gills to increase surface area.
Plenary

What did you learn today?

Challeng
ing
Questio
n How does diffusion contribute to the spread of pollutants in
the atmosphere?
Homew
ork Answer the worksheet.