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Smart Grid Ppt-1

The document discusses Energy Management Systems (EMS) and Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) in smart grids, highlighting their definitions, importance, applications, and challenges. EMS optimizes energy generation and consumption, improving efficiency and sustainability, while PMUs provide real-time monitoring of electrical waves for grid health. Both systems face challenges such as high costs, cybersecurity risks, and integration complexities.

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Sharmila Mathavan
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15 views16 pages

Smart Grid Ppt-1

The document discusses Energy Management Systems (EMS) and Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) in smart grids, highlighting their definitions, importance, applications, and challenges. EMS optimizes energy generation and consumption, improving efficiency and sustainability, while PMUs provide real-time monitoring of electrical waves for grid health. Both systems face challenges such as high costs, cybersecurity risks, and integration complexities.

Uploaded by

Sharmila Mathavan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Energy Management Systems (EMS) and

Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)

By : Angeline Sahana J
Sharmila Devi M
ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EMS)
DEFINITION
An Energy Management System (EMS) in
smart grid refers to a set of tools and
technologies designed to monitor, control,
and optimize the generation, transmission,
distribution, and consumption of electrical
energy in a highly efficient and reliable
manner. It integrates both supply and
demand-side management, leveraging data
and communication technologies to improve
the overall performance and sustainability of
the electrical grid.

IMPORTANCE
Improves energy efficiency

Reduces energy costs

Supports Sustainability Goals


SIGNIFICANCE

It increases the efficiency of the system

It preserves the resources

It decreases pollution, which helps to protect the climate

It provides precise outcomes and predictions

It facilitates the end users to manage and reduce their electricity bill

It helps the electric utility to lower the cost of generation

It helps in decreasing the energy losses on the lines and network
CHALLENGES

 High Initial Investment: Building and integrating


the infrastructure needed for EMS and smart grid
systems can be costly.
 Cybersecurity Risks: The communication network
and data are vulnerable to cyber threats,
necessitating robust security measures.
 Complex Integration: Integrating the EMS with
legacy power grid systems can be technically
challenging.
 Data Management: The system generates large
volumes of data, requiring efficient storage, analysis,
and management solutions.
APPLICATIONS

o Energy management has two most important categorizations.


o One is from the electricity supplier’s perspective, while the other is from the electricity consumer’s perspective.
o The electricity supplier, which includes power plant operators, electric utility, and production units, can use energy
management to control its production units.
o For example, the electric utility can reduce the production operation cost by turning on some generators, which may have
the least operation cost.
o In contrast, the generators with high operating costs are left to supply extra load demand in specific peak periods.
o The system operators (distribution and transmission systems) can utilize energy management to adjust the flow of power to
reduce the energy losses on the network.
o Finally, the end users (such as householders, residential and commercial buildings, industries, and faculties) utilize energy
management to schedule their load demand and effectively decrease their electricity bills.
PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT (PMU)
DEFINITION

A device that measures the electrical waves


(voltage and current) on the grid to determine
the health of the system in real-time.

OBJECTIVE:
 PMU in the smart grid are the sensing
devices strategically placed in order to
capture power system phasors using a
common time source for synchronization.

 PMUs provide synchronized measurements


of voltage and current phasors using GPS
signals for time-stamping.
PRINCIPLE OF WORKING
A Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) works by measuring the voltage and phase
angle of the electricity grid at specific locations and communicating that
information to a phasor data concentrator (PDC). PMUs are also known as
synchrophasors. The main functions are as follows:

 Synchronization
 Data collection
 Data analysis
 Grid monitoring
BLOCK DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS AND WORKING
INPUT
 The PMU receives data from power sources, such as current and potential
transformers.
ANTI-ALIASING FILTER
 The first module of the PMU, this filter restricts the bandwidth of the analog
signals from the transformers.
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER (A/D CONVERTER)
 The filtered signals are converted to digital.
PHASE LOCKED OSCILLATOR
 Provides the needed high speed synchronized sampling.
GPS
 The PMU uses the GPS to set a time reference for measuring
phasors, which are then called synchronized phasors.

MICROPROCESSOR
 Calculated positive sequence estimates of all the current and
voltage signals using DFT techniques.

MODEM
 Produce a signal that can be transmitted and decoded to make the
replica od original digital data.
BENEFITS
Enhanced Grid Reliability:
• Prevents blackouts by identifying and addressing
disturbances early.

Improved Power Quality:


• Accurate measurements help maintain consistent
voltage and frequency.

Faster Fault Detection:


• Rapid identification and localization of system
faults.

Efficient Integration of Renewable Energy:


• Helps manage variability in power generation from
sources like wind and solar.
CHALLENGES

Data Overload:
o Managing large volumes of data in real time can be complex.

High Costs:
o Initial deployment of PMUs and supporting infrastructure is expensive.

Cybersecurity Risks:
o Vulnerable to cyberattacks due to reliance on communication networks.

Integration with Legacy Systems:


o Difficulties in adapting PMUs to existing grid infrastructure.
THANK YOU

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