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BCI Presentation Final

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) enables control of computers and devices through thought by detecting brain signals via electrodes. BCIs can be classified into invasive, partially invasive, and non-invasive types, each with distinct applications and advantages, such as aiding disabled individuals and enhancing device control. However, challenges remain, including ethical concerns, technological limitations, and potential health risks associated with electrode implantation.

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22 views18 pages

BCI Presentation Final

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) enables control of computers and devices through thought by detecting brain signals via electrodes. BCIs can be classified into invasive, partially invasive, and non-invasive types, each with distinct applications and advantages, such as aiding disabled individuals and enhancing device control. However, challenges remain, including ethical concerns, technological limitations, and potential health risks associated with electrode implantation.

Uploaded by

kuttralees18
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE

(BCI)

Presented by:
V.KUTTRALEESWARAN
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 HOW THE BRAIN TURNS THOUGHTS INTO ACTION
 BCI WORKING
 TYPES OF BCI
 APPLICATIONS OF BCI
 ADVANTAGES OF BCI
 DISADVANTAGES OF BCI
 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION

 A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a technology which allows a human to


control a computer, peripheral, or other electronic device with thought.

 It does so by using electrodes to detect electric signals in the brain which are
sent to a computer.

 The computer then translates these electric signals into data which is used to
control a computer or a device linked to a computer.
HOW THE BRAIN TURNS THOUGHTS
INTO ACTION ?
 Your neurons - as you think about anything or do anything - are at work.
 Your neurons connect with each other to form a super highway for nerve
impulses to travel from neuron to neuron to produce thought, hearing,
speech, or movement.
 The brain is full of neurons; these neurons are connected to each other by
axons and dendrites.
 If you have an itch and you reach to scratch it; you received a stimulus (an
itch) and reacted in response to the stimulus by scratching.
 The electrical signals that generated the thought and action travel at a rate of
about 250 feet per second or faster, in some cases.
BCI
Working
INTERFACE

 The easiest and least invasive method is a set


of electrodes -- a device known as an
electroencephalograph (EEG) -- attached to
the scalp.

 The electrodes can read brain signals.

 To get a higher-resolution signal, scientists


can implant electrodes directly into the gray
matter of the brain itself, or on the surface of
the brain, beneath the skull.
BASIC MECHANISM

 Wires from each electrode transmit


their measurements to a computer.
 The electrodes measure minute
differences in the voltage between
neurons.
 The signal is then amplified and
filtered.
 The computer produces a graph
showing the readings from each
electrode.
Digital EEG
BCI Types

Partial
Invasive Invasive Non Invasive

Neurosurgery ECoG EEG MEG fMRI


INVASIVE BCI

 Invasive BCIs are implanted directly into the


grey matter of the brain by neurosurgery.

 As they rest in the grey matter, invasive devices


produce the highest quality signals of BCI
devices.

 But are prone to scar tissue build-up, causing


the signal to become weaker or even lost as
the body reacts to a foreign object in the brain. BrainGate Neural Interface System
PARTIALLY INVASIVE
 It is another brain signal reading
process which is applied to the
inside the skull but outside the grey
matter.
 Electrocorticography(ECoG) is the
example of partially invasive BCI.
 An electrocorticograph (ECoG)
records the activity of the brain
inside the skull, but from the surface
of the membranes that protect it.
 An electrode Grid is being implanted
by surgical incision.
NON-INVASIVE

It is the most useful neuron signal imaging


method which is applied to the outside of the
skull, just applied on the scalp.
Techniques
 Electroencephalography (EEG)
 Magnetoencephalography(MEG)
 functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(fMRI)
APPLICATIONS

 Provide disabled people with communication, environment control, and


movement restoration.
 Provide enhanced control of devices such as wheelchairs, vehicles, or assistance
robots for people with disabilities.
 Provide additional channel of control in computer games.
 Control robots that function in dangerous or inhospitable situations (e.g.,
underwater or in extreme heat or cold).
 Brain as a Computer
Australian Bionic Eye

Brain Gate

Honda Asimo Control

BCI2000
ADVANTAGES OF BCI

Eventually, this technology could:


 Allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs with their mind.
 Transmit visual images to the mind of a blind person, allowing them to see.
 Transmit auditory data to the mind of a deaf person, allowing them to hear.
 Allow gamers to control video games with their minds.
DISADVANTAGES OF BCI

 Research is still in beginning stages.


 The current technology is crude.
 Ethical issues may prevent its development.
 Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very few electric signals from the
brain.
 Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar tissue in the brain.
CONCLUSION

As BCI technology further advances, brain tissue may one day


give way to implanted silicon chips thereby creating a
completely computerized simulation of the human brain that
can be augmented at will.
Futurists predict that from there, superhuman artificial
intelligence won't be far behind.
Thank You

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