Scribd
Upload
15 views20 pages

PSUnit - II - Lesson - 3 - Identifies Region Under The Normal Curve

This document explains the concept of z-scores, which measure the relative standing of a random variable in relation to a normal distribution. It includes examples of how to calculate z-scores and find areas under the normal curve using a z-table. The importance of z-scores is highlighted as a means to transform large raw scores into standardized scores for easier interpretation.

Uploaded by

Jefferson Viduya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views20 pages

PSUnit - II - Lesson - 3 - Identifies Region Under The Normal Curve

This document explains the concept of z-scores, which measure the relative standing of a random variable in relation to a normal distribution. It includes examples of how to calculate z-scores and find areas under the normal curve using a z-table. The importance of z-scores is highlighted as a means to transform large raw scores into standardized scores for easier interpretation.

Uploaded by

Jefferson Viduya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

UNDERSTANDING THE Z-SCORES

Lesson Objectives

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. relate a random variable distribution to a normal


variable distribution;
2. understand the concept of the z-score;
3. convert a random variable to a standard normal
variable and vice-versa; and
4. solve problems involving random and normal
variables.
THE STANDARD NORMAL CURVE

• The z-scores or z-values


are simply the areas
under the normal
curve.

• When we speak of
region, we are referring
to the area of that

𝜎=1
region.
μ
• We will be using z-table z scores or z-values
to find areas under the
normal curve.
Example:

1.Find the area that corresponds to each of the


following z-values. 0.1915

a. z = 0.5
b.z = 1.52

Step 1. Find the first two


digits in row 5. Step 3. Take the area
Step 2. Locate the third value at the intersection
digit in column 0.00 row 0.5 and column .00
Example:

Find the area that corresponds to each of the


following z-values.
0.4357
1. z = 0.5
2. z = 1.52

Step 1. Find the first two


digits in row 1.5. Step 3. Take the area
Step 2. Locate the third value at the intersection
digit in column 0.02 row 1.5 and column .02
Example 3:

Find the area greater than z = 1.


Step 1. Draw the normal Step 2. Use the z-table
curve indicating the z-value to find the area
and its corresponding area. corresponds to z = 1

0.3413
Example 3:

Find the area greater than z = 1.


Step 3. Compute the area.
Subtract the area from 0.5
to get the remaining area.
0.3413

0.5 – 0.3413 = 0.1587

Thus, the area greater than z = 1 is 0.1587


Review:
Lesson Introduction
z-score is stated to be a measure of relative
standing.

These scores represent distances from the center


measured in standard deviation units.

There are six z-scores at the base line of the


normal curve: three z scores to the left of the
mean and three z-scores to the right of the mean.
Discussion Points
The z-score
The areas under the normal curve are given in terms of z-
values or scores. Either the z-score locates X within a sample
or within a population. The formula for calculating z is:

where:
X = given measurement
μ = population mean
σ = population standard deviation
X = sample mean
s = sample standard deviation
Discussion Points

For any population, the mean and the


standard deviation are fixed. Thus, the z
formula matches the z-values one-to-one with
the X values (raw scores). That is, for every X
value there corresponds a z-value and for
each z-value there is exactly one X value.
Discussion Points
The z values are matched with specific areas under
the normal curve in a normal distribution table.

Therefore, to find the percentage associated with X,


we must find its matched z-value using the z-
formula.

The z-value leads to the area under the curve found


in the normal curve table, which is a probability, and
that probability gives the desired percentage for X.
Example 1
Given the mean, μ = 50 and the standard deviation, σ = 4 of a
population of Reading scores. Find the z-value that
corresponds to a score X = 58.
Example 1
This conversion from raw score to z-score is
shown graphically

From the diagram, we see that a score X = 58 corresponds to z = 2. It is above the

mean. So we can say that, with respect to the mean, the score of 58 is above

average.
Example 2
Locate the z-value that corresponds to a PE
score of 39 given that μ = 45 and σ = 6.

With respect to the mean, the score 39 is below the population mean. We can also

say that the score 39 is below average.


Exercises
Summary
Properties of the Normal Probability Distribution
 The distribution curve is bell-shaped.
 The curve is symmetrical about its center.
 The mean, the median, and the mode coincide at the
center.
 The width of the curve is determined by the standard
deviation of the distribution.
 The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely along the
horizontal axis, always approaching the axis but never
touching it. That is, the curve is asymptotic to the base line.
 The area under the curve is 1. Thus, it represents the
probability or proportion or the percentage associated with
specific sets of measurement values.
Summary
1. The areas under the normal curve are given in terms
of z-values or scores. Either the z-score locates X
within a sample or within a population. The formula
for calculating z is:

What is the importance of the z-scores? Raw scores may be composed of large

values, but large values cannot be accommodated at the base line of the normal

curve. So, they have to be transformed into scores for convenience without

sacrificing meanings associated with the raw scores.


Summary

Importance of the z-scores

Raw scores may be composed of large values, but large values


cannot be accommodated at the base line of the normal curve.
So, they have to be transformed into scores for convenience
without sacrificing meanings associated with the raw scores.

You might also like