Detecting Pharmaceutical Health Hazards And Act 2

RIFT VALLEY UNIVERSITY
Couse Title: Detecting Pharmaceutical Health Hazards And Act
Department: Pharmacy, Level III
Prepared by kisi chemeda (B.Pharm, MSc in clinical pharmacy)

02/16/2025 Detecting Pharmaceutical Health Hazards And Act 1
Outline content
Core Occupational safety and health principles
Health and safety policy and legal regulations
The purpose and objectives of proclamation
 Medicines waste management
Handling of medicines waste and disposal
Types of OHS records and reports

 Workplace inspection reports
 First aid records
 Minutes of meetings
 Job Safety Analyses (JSAs) and risk assessments

Core Occupational safety and health principles
• Basic principles of Occupational safety and health:

• All workers have rights
• Workers, as well as employers and governments the rights to protected health

hazarders from health workers
• Work should take place in a safe and healthy working environment
• Conditions of work should be consistent with workers’ well-being and human

dignity

Core Occupational safety and health
principles
• Occupational safety and health policies must be established
• A national system for occupational safety and health must be established
• A national program on occupational safety and health must be formulated
• Once formulated:-
• It must be implemented
• Monitored
• evaluated and periodically reviewed

Core Occupational safety and health
principles
• OHS programmes and policies must aim at both prevention and protection
• Workplaces and working environments should be planned and designed
• Continuous improvement of occupational safety and health must be promoted
• The collection and dissemination of accurate information on hazards

Health and safety policy and legal regulations
• in Ethiopia the first legal instrument Proclamation No. 58/1945 was

announce for safety and health since 1940s
• This legislation was a result of the advent of industrialization
• OHS management replaced this in 1964 i.e. Proclamation 232/1964
• this article was represent for:

• Health works
• Environmental works and other organ

Health and safety policy and legal regulations cont..
• Ethiopia has its own occupational health and safety policy
• According to the labor proclamation no. 377/2003

• the ministry of labor and social affairs of Ethiopia is responsibility to
inspect occupational health and safety
• So based on this, EPSA has established its own Health and safety
committee

The purpose and objectives of proclamation
• Legislation (Occupational Health Safety Act)
• The committee may establish its own mission statement specifying its
• Purpose
• Goals and
• Objectives

For instance, law making must be:-
• Create awareness and accident prevention
• promote awareness about health and safety issues
• Identify problems, evaluate risks and recommend control measures
• Monitor and improve workplace health and safety
• Plan, conduct and report

Medicines waste management
Handling of medicines waste and disposal
• Medicines which are unfit for use should be

• Disposed properly after getting approval from the appropriate organ
• Any medicines waste disposal practice including:

• Diluting and flushing of liquid medicines into sewers and
• During of packaging materials

Handling of medicines waste and disposal cont..
• Disposal sites should be approved by
• appropriate organ
• The disposal site must be safe in order to prevent
• Re-use of any medicines waste including re-packing and re-labeling
• In addition, security measures to prevent hunting must be
• In place at disposal sites and temporary storage areas

Handling of medicines waste and disposal cont…
• Organizations which does not have an approved disposal facility
• May use disposal referral system of licensed to
• Disposal firms
• Medicines suppliers or
• Central disposal sites
• The disposal of medicines waste must be carried out according to
• Sorting procedures and recommended disposal methods.

Handling of medicines waste and disposal
cont…
• All workers who are involved in a disposal process must be
• wear appropriate personal protective equipment(PPE)
• such as:
• Gowns
• Boots
• Gloves
• safety glasses/goggles
• masks, and
• caps.

Handling of medicines waste and
disposal cont…
• Special medicine should be given to segregate and store controlled
• Such special medicine are:-

• Drugs or substances
• Antineoplastics or cytotoxic/anti–cancer medicines
• Anti-infective medicines
• Radiopharmaceuticals and

• Medicine wastes can be categorized and kept by dosage forms:

• Solids, semi-solids and powders:
• Tablets, capsules, granules, powders for injection
• Mixtures, lotions, creams, gels, suppositories etc
• Liquids:
• Solutions, suspension, syrups, ampoules etc.
• Aerosol canisters:
• propellant - driven sprays
02/16/2025
and inhalers
Detecting Pharmaceutical Health Hazards And Act 15
• Waste paper and packing materials may be sorted and recycled
• Burned or disposed of as normal waste to a landfill
• Plastic, metal and glass items may be reused
• Recycled or disposed of in a landfill depending on the
• type of material and the purpose of reuse

Types of OHS records and reports
Hazard, incident and investigation reports
• Incident is defined as
• Any occurrence that leads to, injury or illness to people, danger to health
• A near miss is defined as

• any occurrence that might have led to injury or illness to a person notifiable
Hazard/Incidents are serious hazards
• This hazard to be required to be reported to the regulator

General Procedures of incidence
when an incident occurs, the following actions must be taken
• Attend to the injured and notify emergency services if necessary
• Register assistance if required
• Make the site safe to prevent further injury, accident or
• Incident secure the site of the incident to ensure that it is not disturbed
• Notify the supervisor of the hazard or incident immediately

Reporting Hazards and Incidents
• The hazard and incident report form is to be completed
• Person completing the hazard and incident report must be involved
• the person involved in the incident (staff, clients or visitors etc).
• Anyone may complete the report on behalf of the person involved
• Comprehensive reports
• photographs
• diagrams and
• video footage can be attached as required

Workplace inspection reports
•The workplace inspection report is
• Designed to ensure that hazards observed during inspections of the workplace
•The form should be used to report inspections during activities

Workplace inspection reports cont…
•The following points may be considered during inspection activity
• work area being inspected should always inspecting person or group
• Hazards observed by the Inspector should be recorded in the section
• If a hazard requires immediate attention, flag it with an asterisk (*)
• For each hazard, assign a priority, such as high/medium/low

First aid records
• Employers must create and maintain an accurate written record of all work-
related acute injuries or illnesses
• Completed records should be sent to an individual designated by the company to
keep the first aid records
• Written first aid records must be kept even if the cause of an injury or illness is
not known at the time of treatment

First aid records cont..
• Workers have a duty to report any work-related acute injury or illness while at work to
their employer
• Prompt reporting allows:
• The injury or illness to be assessed and treated as necessary
• The capture of more complete and accurate information

Minutes of meetings
• The minutes of a meeting are a basic record of important points that will
be useful for the group to remember.
• Minutes often include:

• Date of the meeting
• Names of the people present
• Brief explanation of each agenda item
• Decisions for each agenda item

Minutes of meetings cont…
• Reasons for the decisions
• Different views expressed
• Action points
• Date, time and location of next meeting

Job Safety Analyses (JSAs) and risk assessments
• Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is a step-by-step breakdown of a Critical Task
• To help identify hazards that could result in

• Injury
• Damage or
• Production loss.
• The hazards associated with each step of a job are identified

Risk Assessment
• A process of determining the level of risk resulting from a particular hazard or hazards
• Risk assessment process are :
• Establish the context
• Hazards identified
• Analyze risks
• Evaluate risks
• Decision on the tolerability of risks
• Treat risks
• Monitor and review

Material safety data sheets (MSDSs) and registers
• MSDS provides information and instruction to workers
• To safely manage the risk from exposure
• MSDS is a document that contains important information about a substance
• The name of the substance
• Its classification – Hazardous or Non Hazardous

 Health hazard information including short and long term health effects
 P.P.E requirements for persons working with the product
 The chemical and physical properties of the hazardous substance
 Precautions for safe use and handling
 The manufacturers or importer’s name, address and telephone number

Plant and equipment operation records
• Plant is any machinery, equipment, appliance, implement or tool and
• Any component or fitting or accessory
• Plant is machinery that processes material by way of a mechanical action

which is;
 Cuts, drills, punches or grinds
 Presses forms, hammers, joins, or molds material
 Combines, mixes, sort, packages, assembles, knits or weaves material

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RIFT VALLEY UNIVERSITY

Couse Title: Detecting Pharmaceutical Health Hazards And Act

Department: Pharmacy, Level III

Prepared by kisi chemeda (B.Pharm, MSc in clinical pharmacy)

Health and safety policy and legal regulations

The purpose and objectives of proclamation

 Medicines waste management

Handling of medicines waste and disposal

Types of OHS records and reports

 First aid records

 Job Safety Analyses (JSAs) and risk assessments

• Basic principles of Occupational safety and health:

• Workers, as well as employers and governments the rights to protected health

• Conditions of work should be consistent with workers’ well-being and human

02/16/2025 Detecting Pharmaceutical Health Hazards And Act 3

• A national system for occupational safety and health must be established

• A national program on occupational safety and health must be formulated

• evaluated and periodically reviewed

02/16/2025 Detecting Pharmaceutical Health Hazards And Act 4

• Workplaces and working environments should be planned and designed

• Continuous improvement of occupational safety and health must be promoted

• The collection and dissemination of accurate information on hazards

02/16/2025 Detecting Pharmaceutical Health Hazards And Act 5

• in Ethiopia the first legal instrument Proclamation No. 58/1945 was

• This legislation was a result of the advent of industrialization

• OHS management replaced this in 1964 i.e. Proclamation 232/1964

• this article was represent for:

• Environmental works and other organ

• Ethiopia has its own occupational health and safety policy

• According to the labor proclamation no. 377/2003

02/16/2025 Detecting Pharmaceutical Health Hazards And Act 7

• Legislation (Occupational Health Safety Act)

02/16/2025 Detecting Pharmaceutical Health Hazards And Act 8

• Create awareness and accident prevention

• promote awareness about health and safety issues

• Identify problems, evaluate risks and recommend control measures

• Monitor and improve workplace health and safety

• Plan, conduct and report

02/16/2025 Detecting Pharmaceutical Health Hazards And Act 9

Handling of medicines waste and disposal

• Medicines which are unfit for use should be

• Any medicines waste disposal practice including:

• During of packaging materials

02/16/2025 Detecting Pharmaceutical Health Hazards And Act 10

• Disposal sites should be approved by

• The disposal site must be safe in order to prevent

• Re-use of any medicines waste including re-packing and re-labeling

• In addition, security measures to prevent hunting must be

• In place at disposal sites and temporary storage areas

02/16/2025 Detecting Pharmaceutical Health Hazards And Act 11

• Organizations which does not have an approved disposal facility

• May use disposal referral system of licensed to

• Central disposal sites

• The disposal of medicines waste must be carried out according to

• Sorting procedures and recommended disposal methods.

02/16/2025 Detecting Pharmaceutical Health Hazards And Act 12

• wear appropriate personal protective equipment(PPE)

02/16/2025 Detecting Pharmaceutical Health Hazards And Act 13

• Such special medicine are:-

• Antineoplastics or cytotoxic/anti–cancer medicines