WOLDIYA UNIVVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Introduction to control system
Group assessment
Name ID
1 tibebe solomon 1302873
2 beamlak ngash 1300499
3 felia `ababu 1301168
SERVOMCHANISM CONTROL SYSTEM
• position control system which we study here is used control the position of shaft, by use of
potentiometer error detector. The error is to be amplified by the amplifier and must be given
to the armature controlled motor whose shaft position will get controlled as per the control
signal. The motor shaft is coupled to the load through gearing arrangement with ratio N1/N2.
Position control systems have innumerable applications namely machine tool position
Control, constant tension control of sheet rolls in paper mills, control of sheet metal thickness
in hot rolling mills, radar tracking system, missile guidance systems, inertial guidance. In
armature controlled DC servomotor the excitation of the field winding is kept constant and
torque is varied by varying the applied voltage connected to the armature. Here the servo
system is used to position the load shaft in which the driving motor is geared to the load to
be varied.
Applications of servomotors are,
• Air craft control systems
• Electromechanical actuators
• Process controllers
• Robotics
• Machine Tools
SERVO MCHANISM POSITION CONTROL
SYSTEM
TRANSFER FUNCTION
• open loop transfer function

• closed loop transfer function

Procedure:
1. Develop the complete block diagram of the given schematic diagram of position control
servomechanism using simulink.
2. Kp is the variable and set it to some suitable value to simulate over, under damped conditions of
the system.
3. From the response curve obtained determine the time domain specifications.
step response of open loop system

The graph plots amplitude on the y-axis against time in seconds on the x-
axis. It shows how the system responds over time to a sudden change or
"step" in inpu
step response of closed loop system

The graph depicts how the system's output changes over time when subjected to a
sudden input change, indicating its dynamic behavior. It highlights the system's stability
and speed of response to achieve a steady state.
impulse response of closed loop system

The graph depicts how the system's output amplitude rapidly decreases and
approaches zero over time after a sudden impulse input. This illustrates the system's
transient behavior and its ability to stabilize after a disturbance.
impulse response of open loop system

The graph shows an initial amplitude that rapidly decreases and approaches zero,
highlighting the system's transient behavior.
bode plot of open loop system

The image shows a Bode plot of an open-loop system, which consists of two graphs. The top
graph displays the magnitude (in dB) versus frequency (in rad/s), while the bottom graph shows
the phase (in degrees) versus frequency (in rad/s). This plot helps analyze the system's frequency
response, which is essential for understanding its stability and performance.
margin plot of open loop system

The image shows a Bode plot of an open-loop system, consisting of two graphs. The top graph
displays the magnitude (in dB) versus frequency (in rad/s), while the bottom graph shows the phase
(in degrees) versus frequency (in rad/s). This plot is used to analyze the system's stability and
frequency response.
Niquist plot of open loop system

This plot is used to assess the stability of a control system by displaying the
frequency response. It helps determine whether the closed-loop system will be
stable by examining how the plot encircles the critical point (-1, 0) in the complex
plane.
Root locus plot of open loop systrem

Root Locus Plot of an open-loop system. This plot helps analyze the system's stability by
showing how the positions of poles change as the system gain varies. It includes poles
marked on the real and imaginary axes, helping to design controllers for desired
performance and stability.
polar plot of open loop system

polar plot of an open-loop system. This plot graphically represents the system's frequency
response in polar coordinates. It helps analyze the system's stability and performance by
showing how the magnitude and phase of the response change with frequency.
step response

Bode Plot: Displays magnitude and phase response, indicating stability with infinite gain margin and 16.1
ndegrees phase margin.

Root Locus Plot: Shows the locations of poles and zeros in the complex plane.

Step Response: Illustrates how the system responds over time to a step input.
PID CONTROLLER
• A PID controller (Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller) is a type of feedback controller
used in industrial control systems to maintain a desired output.
PID components:
• Proportional (P): This part reacts to the current error (the difference between
the desired setpoint and the actual process variable). If the error is large, it
makes larger adjustments. Think of it as responding based on how far off you
are from the target.

• Integral (I): This part considers the accumulation of past errors. It tries to eliminate the residual
steady-state error that occurs with a pure proportional controller by integrating over time. It's
like keeping track of the history of errors and making adjustments accordingly.
•
• Derivative (D): This part predicts future error based on its rate of change. It provides a
dampening effect, reducing the overshoot and improving stability. Imagine it as anticipating
where the error is heading and making adjustments to counteract that.
SERVO MODALE
PID
compensator
compensated controller is a system used in control engineering to improve the performance of a control
system by adjusting its parameters to achieve desired output characteristics
conclusion
• The system is a practical application of feedback control,
demonstrating how a DC motor's speed and position can be
precisely managed through error detection and correction. The
setup involves a DC motor driving a shaft via gears, with an
angular position sensor providing feedback to compare the actual
position against a set value. The resulting error signal is amplified
and used to adjust the motor, ensuring the desired angular
position is achieved. This approach effectively illustrates
fundamental control principles, highlighting the importance of
feedback in achieving accurate and stable system behavior.