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Wave Equation

The document presents an overview of line transmission theory, focusing on wave equations and characteristic impedance. It discusses coupled equations, propagation constants, and the behavior of forward and return waves in transmission lines. Additionally, it covers lossless transmission lines and the conditions for real characteristic impedance.

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PRASHANT MISHRA
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15 views6 pages

Wave Equation

The document presents an overview of line transmission theory, focusing on wave equations and characteristic impedance. It discusses coupled equations, propagation constants, and the behavior of forward and return waves in transmission lines. Additionally, it covers lossless transmission lines and the conditions for real characteristic impedance.

Uploaded by

PRASHANT MISHRA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LINE TRANSMISSION THEORY

WAVE EQUATION AND


CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE

PRESENTATION BY:
ASST. PROF. BHUPENDRA KUMAR SHUKLA
CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE

Coupled Equation Wave Equation

I (R + JῳL) = - dV / dx V ỳ2 = d2V / d2x

V (G + JῳC) = - dI / dx I ỳ2 = d2I/ d2x


Wave Equation

  x  x   x  x
V ( x) V e V e V ỳ2 = d2V / d2x I ( x ) I e I e
I ỳ2 = d2I/ d2x
Forward wave Return wave
Forward wave Return wave  2 ( R  jL)(G  jC )

Propagation constant

   j

Vg ZL

Z0
V  ( R  j L )
V ( x) V  e  x  V  ex 

I 
I ( x) I  e  x  I  ex V ( R  j L )


I ( R  jL)(G  jC )
I (R + JῳL) = - dV / dx
  x
d (V e 
V e ) x
V ( R  j L )
( I  e  x  I  ex )( R  jL)  
Z 0 
dx I (G  jC )
( I  e  x  I  ex )( R  jL)  ( V  e  x  V  ex )
( R  j L )
Z0 
 2 ( R  jL)(G  jC ) (G  jC )
( I  e  x )( R  jL)  ( V  e  x )
Forward wave (source to load)
( I  )( R  jL) V  see positive characteristic
impedance
V ( R  j L ) ( R  j L )

 Z 0  Z 0 
I (G  jC ) (G  jC )
V ZL

Backward wave (load to source) Z0


see negative characteristic
   j
impedance

( L) Attenuation constant = 0
Z0 
(C ) R=0 G=0

JῳL ∆x JῳL ∆x JῳL ∆x

JῳC ∆x JῳC ∆x JῳC ∆x


LOSSLESS TRANSMISSION LINE (RESONANT TRANSMISSION LINE)
   j
Short V ZL
R=0
Attenuation constant = 0 Z0
OPEN
G=0 Real characteristic R ∆x JῳL ∆x Unit cell
impedance

( L) JῳC ∆x G ∆x
Z0 
(C )

JῳL ∆x JῳL ∆x JῳL ∆x ∆x

JῳC ∆x JῳC ∆x JῳC ∆x

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