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Human Evolution

The document discusses human evolution, outlining key stages from early ancestors like Dryopethicus to modern Homo sapiens. It highlights the processes of evolution, including mutation, genetic drift, and natural selection, as well as the Hardy-Weinberg Principle related to gene frequency. The text emphasizes the gradual changes that have led to the diversity of life on Earth, including the development of various hominin species.

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14 views14 pages

Human Evolution

The document discusses human evolution, outlining key stages from early ancestors like Dryopethicus to modern Homo sapiens. It highlights the processes of evolution, including mutation, genetic drift, and natural selection, as well as the Hardy-Weinberg Principle related to gene frequency. The text emphasizes the gradual changes that have led to the diversity of life on Earth, including the development of various hominin species.

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vpkookieluv
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HU

HUMAN EVOlution
By :
Vishnupriya.B
problems
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Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Hardy–Weinberg Principle mathematically explains the occurrence
and consistency of gene frequency for a particular gene. The
principle states that the allelic frequency remains constant through
generations and the gene pool remains constant.
All these factors contribute to the change in gene frequency of a
species in an area. If a few individuals from a species migrate to
another place, the gene frequency changes again. It decreases from
the place from where the individuals migrate and increase in the
place they migrate to. If the frequency of the genes is high enough in
the newly migrated land to start a new species, the migrated
individuals become the founder species, and the effect is called the
Founder effect. Thus, all these mechanisms contribute to the process
of evolution.
group members

Mutation

Genetic drift

Natural selection

Genetic recombination
Brief Account of Evolution
Evolution refers to the gradual change which occurs in an organism
over a long duration of time. It is a slow-going process that results in
the development of the organism. Life originated on Earth about 3.5
billion years ago. It is believed that there might have been the
presence of simple elements on earth which may have given rise to
simple organic and inorganic molecules. From these simple
molecules, complex molecules like protein, DNA, etc. may have been
formed.
Other evolutionary changes may have resulted in the formation of
simple cells and the result of the continuous evolution on Earth is the
several species of plants and animals that exist on Earth. Today, the
diversity on earth varies from unicellular amoeba to a human beings
and from unicellular Algae like Chlorella to a huge banyan tree.
Origin and Evolution of Man
• DRYOPETHICUS
It is the earliest known ancestor of man. They were found in some parts of
Africa, Asia, and Europe. The evolution of man began with him.
Dryopethicus was followed by Australopithecus..
• Australopithecus
These were 1.2 meters tall and could walk upright. They inhabited the
African mainland. They had large jaws and human-like teeth.

• Homo habilis
They were five feet tall and could make use of tools. They are believed to
have been able to speak.
Origin and Evolution of Man
• Homo erectus
They were more evolved beings. They were also upright and had a larger
brain size. They had a prominent speech. They invented fire and were
carnivorous.
• Neanderthals
Homo sapiens is the only extant species of hominin around today, but a
few thousand years ago, there were a few other species that existed
alongside anatomically modern humans – the Neanderthals, Denisovans
and the Homo floresiensis. Today, scientists consider Neanderthals to be
more of a subspecies of humans rather than a completely separate
• Homo
species. sapiens
These are modern men. They developed the power of thinking, used tools,
were omnivorous, and produced art. Their brain size was reduced to 1300
cc.
thank you
Rimberio
Group

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