PHYSICS

Understanding….

FORCE and
Newton’s Laws of
MASS
Motion
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
By the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

✅ Define force and mass with scientific explanations.

✅ Differentiate between contact and non-contact forces with

examples.

✅ Explain why mass is a scalar quantity and force is a vector

quantity.

✅ Understand how Newton’s laws of motion relate to force and

mass.
QUESTION:
What happens when you
push a shopping cart?
Does it move?
QUESTION:
What if you push a parked
truck with the same force?
Will it move?"
FORCE (Vector Quantity)
A force is a push or pull acting on an object.

Formula: F= ma (Newton’s Second Law)

EXAMPLE

Pushing a door to Pulling a rope in

open it (Push = a tug-of-war
Force) (Pull = Force)
EXAMPLE

Kicking a ball Braking a bicycle

(Your foot applies force to move (Frictional force stops the
the ball) bike)
2 Types of Force:
1. Contact Forces:
Require physical touch
(e.g., friction, tension, normal force).
 EXAMPLE: Contact Forces:
Friction- Ex: When you rub your hands together, they get
warm due to friction
“-A force that resists motion when two surfaces rub against each other..”
EXAMPLE: Contact Forces:
Tension – Ex: When you fly a kite, the string pulls it due
to tension.
--“A pulling force exerted by a string, rope, or cable when it is
stretched.”
EXAMPLE: Contact Forces:
Normal Force – A chair supports you when you sit
on it
-“The support force exerted by a surface to hold an object up.”
EXAMPLE: Contact Forces:
Air Resistance – A cyclist feels air pushing against them
while riding.
“A force that opposes motion through the air, slowing objects down.”
EXAMPLE: Contact Forces:
Applied Force – Opening a door by pushing or
pulling it.
“A force that is directly exerted on an object by a person or another
object.”
EXAMPLE: Contact Forces:
Spring Force – A mattress pushing back when you
lie on it.
“The force exerted by a stretched or compressed spring that tries to
return to its original shape.
Types of Forces:
1. Contact Forces:
Require physical touch
(e.g., friction, tension, normal force).
2. Non-contact Forces:
Act at a distance (e.g., gravity, magnetic force).
EXAMPLE: 2. Non-contact
1. Gravitational Force – An apple falling from a tree due to
Forces
Earth's gravity.

:
EXAMPLE: 2. Non-contact
2. Magnetic Force – A fridge magnet sticking to the
Forces
refrigerator.

:
EXAMPLE: 2. Non-contact
3. Electrostatic Force – A balloon attracting small pieces of
Forces
paper after being rubbed on hair.

:
EXAMPLE: 2. Non-contact
4. Nuclear Force – The force holding protons and neutrons
Forces
together in an atom's nucleus.

:
SUMMARY:
Contact Force – Requires touching to make
something move (e.g., pushing a box, kicking a
ball).

Non-Contact Force – Works without touching (e.g.,

gravity pulling objects down, magnets attracting
metal).
SEATWORK #1 (BY GROUP)
Identify whether the following are Contact or Non-Contact Forces.
Write a short explanation. (2pts each)
1. A spacecraft continues moving in space despite no applied force.
2. An electric field causing a charged balloon to attract small pieces of paper.
3. A diver experiencing resistance while moving through the water.
4. Two ice skaters pushing each other and moving in opposite directions.
5. A metal object falling to the ground when dropped.
6. A skydiver reaching terminal velocity due to air resistance.
7. The repulsion between two like-charged objects.
8. A stretched rubber band snapping back to its original shape.
9. A satellite orbiting Earth due to gravitational attraction.
10. A car coming to a stop due to friction between the tires and the road.
Why study Force and
Mass
Studying force and mass is essential because they are
fundamental concepts in physics that explain how objects
move and interact. Understanding these concepts helps us
in various fields, from daily life to engineering and
scientific advancements.
Why study Force and
1. Understanding Motion and Stability
Mass
2. Application in Engineering and Technology

3. Safety and Accident Prevention

4. Sports and Human Performance

5. Space Exploration and Aviation

6. Scientific Discoveries and Advancements

FORCE
• Unit of Force: Newton (N)

Mathematically, force is defined by Newton’s Second Law of

Motion:
F=ma where:
• F = Force (Newton, N)
• m= Mass (kg)
• a = Acceleration (m/s2m/s^2m/s2)
 EXAMPLE: F=ma (Force = Mass × Acceleration)
Example 1: Pushing a Cart

Imagine you are pushing a shopping cart with a mass

of 10 kg, and you apply a force that makes it
accelerate at 2 m/s².

So, you need to apply 20 Newtons (N) of force to accelerate the cart
at 2 m/s².
 EXAMPLE: F=ma (Force = Mass × Acceleration)
Example 1: Pushing a Cart

Imagine you are pushing a shopping cart with a mass

of 10 kg, and you apply a force that makes it
accelerate at 2 m/s².

So, you need to apply 20 Newtons (N) of force to accelerate the cart
at 2 m/s².
 STATIC FRICTION
Static friction happens when an
object is not moving and is
touching a surface. This friction
keeps the object from sliding or
moving on the surface it's
For example, static
resting on.friction is
what keeps a block from sliding
or moving on the table when
it's not being pushed or pulled.
 SLIDING FRICTION
Sliding friction is a type of
friction that happens when two
objects slide past each other.

For example, when you pull a

block, sliding friction takes
over. Sliding friction is the force
that resists motion as the block
slides across a surface.
 ROLLING FRICTION
Rolling friction is a type of
friction that occurs when a
round object, like a ball or a
wheel, rolls over a surface.
For example, the surface of the
bowling ball and the surface of
the bowling lane have tiny
bumps and ridges that rub
against each other and create
friction.
 FLUID FRICTION
Fluid friction is a type of
friction that happens when an
object moves through a fluid,
such as air or water.
For example, when a parachute
is open. It creates air resistance
and slows you down. The air is
fluid, and it creates a force that
resists your motion through it.
 GRAVITY
Gravity is a force that pulls objects towards each
other. It is what makes things fall down to the
ground and keeps the planets in our solar system in
their orbits around the sun. Gravity is:

Attracting Universal Non-contact Grounding

GRAVITY ATTRACTS
Gravity is a special force that
exists in the universe. It's like a
"pulling" force that makes
objects move towards each
This means that if you drop an
other.
apple, it will fall down to the
ground because gravity is
pulling it towards the Earth.
GRAVITY IS
UNIVERSAL The Universal Law of
Gravitation is a rule that
explains how gravity works in
the entire universe.
The Law says that every object
in the universe, no matter how
big or small, is attracted to
every other object in the
universe.
IT IS NON-CONTACT
Gravity is a force that exists
between objects, even if they
are not touching each other.

When you drop the ball, it falls

to the ground. The reason this
happens is because of gravity.
The Earth is pulling on the ball,
even though it's not touching it.
GRAVITY GROUNDS
When we are standing on the
ground, the force of gravity
is pulling us down towards
the center of the Earth.
This force of gravity is what
keeps us on the ground.
Without gravity, we would
all float away into space!
RESOURCE PAGE