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Operating System

The document provides an overview of operating systems, defining them as essential software that manages hardware resources and allows users to run applications. It categorizes operating systems into types based on user interfaces: Command Line Interface (CLI) and Graphical User Interface (GUI), and discusses the roles of device drivers and utility programs. Additionally, it outlines the functions of operating systems, including process, memory, input/output, file, and resource management.

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taha taha
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4 views

Operating System

The document provides an overview of operating systems, defining them as essential software that manages hardware resources and allows users to run applications. It categorizes operating systems into types based on user interfaces: Command Line Interface (CLI) and Graphical User Interface (GUI), and discusses the roles of device drivers and utility programs. Additionally, it outlines the functions of operating systems, including process, memory, input/output, file, and resource management.

Uploaded by

taha taha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OPERATING SYSTEM

Instructor: Ms. HAFSA ZAHRA


TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
Operating System
 It is a collection of operating programs that provides
an interface for the user to interact with the computer.
 Operating system is such type of system
software that allows user to run other
applications on computer.
 It manages hardware resources and provides
services for computer programs.
 A computer can not do anything without
operating system.
 When the computer is started, OS will first
load in to the main memory.
 Important operating system are
Windows, DOS, Unix, Linux,etc.
Objectives of operating system
Convenience
To makes the use of computer easy for user

Efficiency
OS improves the performance of computer.
OS allows computer resources such as Input / Output devices,
CPU, Memory, Internet to be used in an efficient manner.
Major types of Operating system

 On the basis of user interface there are two types of


Operating System
 Command Line Interface
 Graphical User Interface
Command Line Interface
Command Line Interface
 In
Command line operating system, users need to
write a command to perform certain task.

 To write commands, user need to memorize them.

 These operating system provide textual


interface.

 Examples
 MS-DOS
 Unix
Graphical User Interface
Graphical User Interface
 In GUI operating system,icons,windows and buttons
are used as visual components.
 These components and objects are used to perform

different tasks.
 Users of these operating system are not required to
memorize the commands.
 Example
 Linux
 Solaris
 MS-Windows (Windows XP,
Windows Vista, Windows 7,
Windows 8, Windows 10, Windows 11)
Difference between CLI and GUI

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Operating System
i. Device Drivers
 Device Driver is a program that is used to operate and control a device
attached to computer.

 Device Drivers are provided by manufactures of devices e.g. HP, DELL,


TOSHIBA, SONY, etc.

 Typical devices are keyboards, printers, scanners,


digital cameras, USB and other external storage devices.

 The devices cannot function properly without device


drivers.
Operating System:
Device Drivers
Utility Programs
Operating System:
Utility Programs
 A utility program is a type of system software that is

used for effective management of computer system.


 The user can use utility program to perform maintenance

tasks related to devices and programs.


 The utility programs keep the computer system running

smoothly.
 Most operating system include different built-in

Utility programs.
Operating System:
Utility Programs
Operating System:
Disk Defragmenter
WHAT IS SPYWARE?

 Spyware is a generic term used to define software that infects your system (mobile or
computer) and gathers sensitive information about you. This type of malware is one of the
oldest threats found on the internet. Usually, spyware installs on your system without your
knowledge and runs quietly in the background collecting all sorts of information. Spyware
can collect anything from your distinct keystrokes, authentications, personal emails,
web form data, internet usage, credit card information and even screenshots of your
activities. As you can see, this is a serious problem that you don’t want to have.
Functions of Operating System

i. Process Management
ii. Memory Management
iii.File Management
iv. Input/Output Management
v. Resource Management
i. Process Management

 “A process is a program in execution.”

 A process in execution needs resources like Processing


resources (CPU, Memory, Input/ Output resources)

 The OS must allocate resources to processes

 Creation and Deletion of process and scheduling of system


resources to different processes.
ii. Memory Management
 The process of allocating memory space for user programs
in main memory(RAM).

 When programs are run by users, the operating system


allocated portions of free memory to programs.

 When the program is closed, the operating system will free


the memory portion used by that program for reuse.

 OS automatically loads user programs in available memory


space and executes them
iii. Input/ Output Management

 “The process of controlling the operations of all the


input/output devices attached to computer.”

 Management of I/O devices is the responsibility of operating


system through which user communicates with computer
through Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor, Printer, etc.
iv. File Management
 A part of operating system that
 Organizes
 Stores
 Keeps track of file and folders.

 Files can be a document, programs, images, audio, video,


etc.

 Os control the common operations (Creating, Editing,


Opening, Renaming, Copying, Searching, Deleting)
performed on a file.
v. Resource Management

 Os automatically manage the resources of a computer when


application program are executed by computer user.

 Resources:
 Microprocessor
 Memory
 All devices attached to computer.

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