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Introduction

This document provides an overview of communication systems and key concepts in analog and digital communication. It defines communication systems as having a transmitter that converts an input message into an electrical signal, a channel to transmit the signal, and a receiver to convert the signal back into the original message. It distinguishes between analog and digital messages and discusses important communication factors like signal-to-noise ratio, channel bandwidth, modulation, coding, and multipath transmission. The document serves as an introduction to communication systems and lays out concepts that will be explored in more depth throughout the book.

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Omair Mir
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46 views15 pages

Introduction

This document provides an overview of communication systems and key concepts in analog and digital communication. It defines communication systems as having a transmitter that converts an input message into an electrical signal, a channel to transmit the signal, and a receiver to convert the signal back into the original message. It distinguishes between analog and digital messages and discusses important communication factors like signal-to-noise ratio, channel bandwidth, modulation, coding, and multipath transmission. The document serves as an introduction to communication systems and lays out concepts that will be explored in more depth throughout the book.

Uploaded by

Omair Mir
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

Book: B.P Lathi, Modern Digital and analog Communication Systems

Resource Person Anam Ilyas

Outline
 Communication system Analog and Digital Messages SNR Channel Bandwidth and Rate of Communication Modulation Randomness, Redundancy and Coding

Communication system
Communication is the transfer of information from one place to another.  Communication System: Components act together to accomplish information transfer.
Transmitter Channel Receiver

Communication system
Input message Output message Human voice Television picture Data Channel Convert input message into electrical waveform Wire Coaxial cable Optical fiber Radio link Convert electrical waveform/ signal into original message signal Human voice Televisio n picture Dat

Input Transducer

Output Transducer

Transmitter

Receiver

Example of Communication System

Analog and Digital Messages


Messages/Data can be analog or digital.  Analog data refers to information that is continuous. Analog data take on continuous values. Digital data refers to information that has discrete states Digital data take on discrete values or finite number of values.

Signal to Noise Ratio


In communications, signal-to-noise ratio, often written S/N or SNR, is a measure of signal strength relative to noise. The ratio is usually measured in decibels (dB). SNR should be high to achieve good quality link and better speed.

Channel Bandwidth and Rate of Communication


Bandwidth of a channel is the range of frequencies. It is typically measured in hertz.

 Rate of information is directly proportional to bandwidth.

Signal Attenuation
Noise: Unpredictable electric signals (caused by natural processes) superimposed to the information bearing signal. Noise still remains if the signal is turned off (additive). Noise is random variable. Interference: is contamination caused by other signals generated from other transmitters, human resources or circuitry. Distortion: caused by imperfect response of the system to the signal. Distortion disappears if the signal is switched off (multiplicative).

Modulation
Modulation is the process whereby some characteristic of one wave is varied in accordance with some characteristic of another wave.

Randomness, Redundancy and Coding


Randomness means unpredictability or uncertainty. Redundancy means duplication.
essential for reliable communication. able to decode a message.

 Coding means the transformation of data into a form understandable by software.

Ideal and Practical Filters


Ideal filters allow distortion less transmission of certain band of frequencies.  Cannot build ideal filter but creating filter closely related to ideal with large delay. Practical filters are usually designed to meet a set of specifications

Important Terminologies
Bit rate (bps): Number of bits per second. Symbol rate: Number of symbols per

second.

system can bear with very low error probability which is manageable. Multiplexing: Combining the several signals for simultaneous transmission on one channel.

Noise Immunity: The maximum noise that a

Multipath Transmission
It occurs when transmitted signal arrives at the receiver by two or more paths of different delay. The environment between two communication point is not always ideal. The receivers often do not receive the exact transmitted signal. Superposition of multiple copies of the transmitted signal result either in constructive or destructive interference of the signal which is known as fading.

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