Data and Analytics

Essentials: How to
Define, Build and
Operationalize a
Data Fabric
Ehtisham Zaidi

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Key Issues

1. The What and the Why — Defining a data fabric design in a way that
is understood by business teams
2. The How — 10 steps to stitch together your data fabric design to
automate your data management infrastructure
• Three paths to operationalizing your data fabric
3. The Where — Navigating the complex vendor landscape to select
mature technology components

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 The What and the Why:
Defining the Data
Fabric Design

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Data Fabric Delivers Integrated Data to All Data
Consumers
Compounds Customers Products Claims

Data Fabric

Traditional Apps and Doc.

RDBMS Data Lakes Cloud Data Stores
Analytics/BI Repositories

Flat Third Legacy Data Warehouses/Marts Cloud Data Warehouses, XML, JSON, AVRO,
Files Party Cloud Data Lakes PDF, DOC, WEB
Hadoop, File Stores

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The Evolution of Data Architecture: So, How Did We
Get Here?
2000s, Post-EDW Era 2010s, LDW Era 2020s, Active Metadata Era
Fragmented Analysis Unified Analysis Augmented Analysis

Apps
Success of EDW

Data Warehouse Recommendation Engines

Data, AI Orchestration
Adaptive Practices
Common Semantic Layer Common Semantic Layer
Data Marts
Data Data Data Data Data Data
Warehouses Marts Lakes Warehouses Marts Lakes
Custom Sandboxes Operational Custom Operational Operational
Data Stores Sandboxes Data Stores Databases

Metadata Analysis

Source: Data Fabric or Data Mesh: How to Decide Your Future Data Management Architecture (G00770696)
Note: EDW = Enterprise Data Warehouse
LDW = Logical Data Warehouse
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The What? Let’s Define Data Fabric

Flexible, reusable and augmented data

integration pipelines

It’s a new and evolving Knowledge graphs, semantics and

data management design active metadata-based automation

for attaining …
that utilizes … Faster and, in some cases, automated
in support of … data access and sharing
regardless of ...

Deployment options, use cases

(operational or analytical) and/or
architectural approaches
It is not one single
tool or technology.

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 Data Fabric =
Metadata Analysis
+
Recommendations
It acts as an intelligent orchestration engine!

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Data Management Overpowers What Should Be
a CDO Focus on Business Goals

Users and Use Cases

Systems and
Processes

Business
Goals
Data

Data Management Drivers

Technical Control

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Offloading Data Management Permits a Focus
on Business Goals in the Digital Business

Users and Use Cases

It’s the job of the data fabric to:

• Evaluate Systems and
• Alert Processes
• Recommend

And
Data
• Become the “dynamic designer”
• “Orchestration engine” for data
management Technical
Control

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Data Fabric Listens, Learns and Acts on Metadata

Participating
Data Consumers Other Systems
Systems

Metadata Alerts and Recommendations

Semantic Metadata Data, AI

Enrichment Activation Orchestration
If Data Fabric Is a Black Box …
A Strong Data Integration Backbone

Data fabric applies continuous analytics over existing, discoverable and inferenced metadata
assets. By enriching the semantics of the underlying data, it generates alerts and
recommendations that can be actioned by people and systems.

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The Why: A. There Is Something for Everyone

Business Users

• Quickly find, integrate, analyze and share data

• Self-service

Data Management Team

• Productivity: Automated data access and integration

• Agility: Close data requests at speed

The Enterprise

• Faster time to insight from data and analytics investments

• Data literacy leading to improved utilization of data

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The Why: B. Automation Is Inevitable!
Expected Reduction in Human Effort Improve Data Utilization by 2025
Illustrative Illustrative

2022 2025 400%

400% 400%

Relative Benefit
Automation Will
Relative Effort

Reduce Effort by 2025

200% 200%

30% 30% 10% 35%

0% 0%
Design Deployment Support Quality/Mastering Utilization

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The Why: C. Traditional Integration Approaches:
Challenges Galore!
Point-to-Point Integrations Integration Teams Have a Tendency
Scale Poorly to Use Too Much Tech

Most Used
Application
Application Bulk/Batch Data Movement

Application
Application Data Replication/Data Synchronization

Prevalence of Use
Application
Application Message-Oriented Movement of Data

Application
Data Virtualization
Application

Application
Stream Data Integration

Least Used
Point-to-Point Integrations Create (N*M) Connections

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The Why: D. Traditional Modeling Approaches: Don’t
Scale!

Trying to accomplish upfront data modeling

using traditional techniques does not scale –
it is like fitting a square peg in a round hole

The data fabric supports with metadata-driven integration, which

enables flexible data modeling that is done based on use-case
demand

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The Why: E. Data Fabric Covers Both Transactional and
Analytical Systems

Transactional Analytical

Data Sources Data Warehouse Analytics & BI

Reporting
ETL ETL ETL

Staging Layer Integration Layer Presentation Data Exports

Layer

ETL = Extract, Transform, Load

Data Fabric Knowledge Repository Decision Engines

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 The How:
7 Steps to Stitch
Together Your Data
Fabric Design

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Data Fabrics Need to Be Designed — With Composable
Technology Parts
Data Consumers

Data and AI Orchestration

Recommendation Engines
Data Preparation and Data
Data Delivery
Metadata Activation
Integration

Knowledge Graph

Augmented Data Catalog

Data Sources

See: Quick Answer: What Is Data Fabric Design?

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Step 1: Gather Existing Metadata First —
Use an Augmented Data Catalog

Curate an inventory Collaborate for accountability Communicate

of information assets and governance shared semantics

Augmented data catalog uses machine learning to automate these processes.

Augmented capabilities will reduce the manual work required.

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Go Beyond Technical Metadata Collection

Ensure that your metadata practice collects all forms of metadata

Technical Operational Business Social

(Definitional) (Descriptive) (Descriptive) (Descriptive)

• Schemas • ETL or actions on data • Ontology — classify and • Business user knowledge
• Data types • Lineage metadata tag data • Developer feedback
• Data models • Performance metadata • Metadata mapped to
business relationships

Going beyond just passive metadata to

active metadata collection and analysis

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Remember: Passive Metadata = Design Metadata + Runtime
Metadata (Fabric Needs Both)

Statistical Thesaurus Exception/Error Access

Views User Grouping
Models Resolutions Codes Logging

Processing Transaction
Code Logs
Design

Coding Passive Traditional Import/Export

Design Time Language + = Metadata = Metadata Logs Runtime
Tools

Report Runtime
Query Logs
Labels/Tags

Runtime Resource
Org Chart Schema Design Specs Integrity
Statistics Allocation

When you compare design metadata to runtime metadata, the difference is rich with signals.

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Step 2: Create Knowledge Graphs

Understanding the relationships between objects is necessary ...

• Traditional data modeling assumes static requirements, and

cannot handle relationship data without complexity

• Performance degrades with number of relationships and joins.

• Data fabric presents multi-relationship data as knowledge

graphs.

• Knowledge graphs are interconnected graphs of data along with

relationships and semantics

• It allows SMEs to model and enrich data with semantics and

meaning

… Yet, most relationship insights are lost when

using traditional data modeling and integration approaches

Source: Complexity Kills – How European Banking Models Have to Change in a Complex World
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How to Develop Knowledge Graphs That Support the
Data Fabric Design
Populating a Knowledge Graph From Source Data

Mapping/Virtualization/API

Database Instance
Population Query
Ontology Knowledge Application
Graph (Minimum
Entity Ontology Viable
Extraction Mapping Product)

Documents/
Images Entities

• An ontology is a formal naming and definition of categories, properties and relations between
concepts.

• A knowledge graph is a data structure that stores entity definitions (like people, products and digital
assets) as a graph – a network of nodes and edges. Information/knowledge is located via an index
within the graph or synthesized as a data source on demand.

Source: Gartner
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Knowledge Graphs Map Data Objects to Business
Contexts (through Ontologies)

Semantics – The ability to capture ETL based data models had semantics In fact, semantics were captured in
meaning and relationships in data assigned by IT developers IT-aligned data dictionaries

Semantics-less data models result in The semantics layer on knowledge

poor AI/ML, analytics and data Add semantics to data models graphs adds additional context and
science meaning to the models
This can be done through
Automated systems cannot use semantics standards: Better and more informed
semantics if restricted to IT RDF triples/OWL ontology analytics and AI/ML
developers

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Step 3: When Exploring Data Fabric, Many Clients ask:
“What Is Active Metadata?”

Active metadata is continuous analysis of

all types of metadata (technical, business,
operational and social) to determine
alignment and deviations between “data as
designed” and “operational experience.”

Passive metadata approaches are like Active metadata approaches are like
a thermometer that “monitors” the data a thermostat that “regulates” data
management and current utilization. management and utilization.

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Start Activating Metadata Through Accumulation of
Trust
Start With Some Metadata — You Don’t Need It All

Passive Accumulation of Trust Active

Alignment

Alerts Orchestration

Usage and Content

Utilization and Design

Recommendations Preparation

Exception
First, collect design time Then do runtime log Compare design Send alerts when
metadata information with runtime things change

When data starts to have design or quality issues, it is a signal that the business is
changing and implies changes to the infrastructure might be needed.

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Step 4: Use Active Metadata-Based Insights for …

Insight
Engagement
• Anomaly and outlier detection
• Allow less-skilled integrators and • Highlighting of sensitive attributes for
SEMs to find data of interest through GDPR, etc.
semantics and search • Insights through observability

Automation
• Automated correction of schema drifts
• Autointegrate “next best” transforms
• Recommends optimal infrastructure/execution
engine choice
• Promote self-service integration flows

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Step 5: A Strong Data Integration and Data
Preparation Backbone Is a Must

Messaging ETL/ELT Data Replication

The focus is to combine different

data integration styles and allow
business users to prepare their own
data with minimal IT support.

Data Virtualization Stream Data Integration

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Step 6: Deliver Integrated Data for Self-Service – But
Monitor for Operationalization & Governance
Mode 2 Pipeline
Raw Data

Catalog Transform • Self-service integration

RDBMS Nonrelational
Stores • Self-service analytics

Find Explore Improve

IoT Data ERP/CRM AI/ML to Automate

Reusable Models Mode 1 Pipeline

Cloud Apps Cloud/SaaS

• Enterprise data integration Operationalize Here

• Operationalized analytics Promote “successful”
Open Data Device
and data products self-service flows

A data fabric does not require data management optimization, but it does enable it — automation not required.

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Step 7: Utilize DataOps to Streamline Data Integration
Delivery
Data observability to track lineage, accuracy, freshness & pipeline breakages
*A Gartner client’s scenario
Python DataOps
Source 1 Qlik Snowflake =
Data Orchestration
dbt Labs +
Source 2 Talend Data Observability
AWS Glue +
Tableau Scheduling/Task Flow
+
Source 3 Informatica AWS S3 CI/CD
+
Collibra Version Control - Git/Jenkins

Orchestration across data management technologies

By 2025, a data engineering team guided by DataOps practices and tools will be 10x more productive than teams that are not.

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Step 8: Deliver Integrated Data as a Data Product (for
Mesh-Style Delivery) — When Ready!
Data Consumers Domain Team A

Data and AI Orchestration

Recommendation Engines Domain Team B

Data Preparation and
Data Data Delivery
Metadata Activation
Integration
Knowledge Graph
Domain Team Z
Augmented Data Catalog

Data Sources

Optimized delivery of data products to

The data fabric becomes the foundation.
domain teams that are centrally governed.

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Step 9 : Focus on the Right Teams and Skills

Data Managers: Data Consumers:

• Data Engineers • Business Analysts
• Data Architects • Data Scientists
• DBAs • AI Engineers
• Data Stewards • BI Developers • Cross-functional team with data managers and consumers
• Invest in product manager roles
• Position product teams within LOBs
• Draft the responsibilities for the team
DevOps Experts:
• Start measuring metrics for the team
• App Engineers
Data Product Manager • Automation Experts
• Test Engineers

Business
Business Stakeholders
Stakeholders
Business Stakeholders

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Step 10: Provision Integrated Data As ‘Data Products’

Emerging
Trend
Templatize Provision
(DataOps capabilities)

D&A Products Data store • Infrastructure as code

Catalog
• Version control
1 2 … n • Continuous
Data pipelines integration/deployment
• Regression test packs

Analytic model • Git/Jenkins

Data Fabric
• Orchestration
User interface

• Data products are modular, loosely coupled and self-contained data apps that enable independent build/deployment cycles.
Usually controlled by SMEs at domain level.

• Drive targeted consumer experiences by templatizing D&A products and provisioning D&A product instances with agility and at scale.

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 Bringing the Fabric to Life:
3 Paths to
Operationalizing Your
Data Fabric

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Quadrants of Awareness and Understanding

Known Unknowns Unknown Unknowns

Unknowns

Hypotheses Discoveries • Monitoring suggests that you know what

Things that we are aware Things that we are neither you’re looking for. We call those “known
of but do not understand aware of nor understand knowns” and “known unknowns.”
Understanding

Example: Log analysis Example: Observability • The data fabric needs to support known
knowns

• It then needs to start supporting unknown

Known Knowns Unknown Knowns unknowns
Facts Assumptions
Knowns

Things that we are aware Things that we understand • Finally, it needs to start automating to
of and understand but are unaware of improve the overall system performance
Example: Monitoring Example: Predictions

Knowns Unknowns
Awareness

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Path 1: The Foundational Path

Data Consumers

DataOps 6
Recommendation Engine 4
Data Integration and
Data Preparation
5 Active Metadata

The Foundational Path

Metadata Activation 3
❑ Known Data
Data Metadata
❑ Known Questions
❑ Components Used: 1, 5, 6
Knowledge Graph — Enriched With Semantics 2
Data and Metadata

Augmented Data Catalog 1

Data and Metadata

Data Sources

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Path 2: The Advanced Path

Data Consumers

DataOps 6
Recommendation Engine 4
Data Integration and
Data Preparation
5 Active Metadata

The Advanced Path

Metadata Activation 3
❑ Unknown Data
Data Metadata
❑ Unknown Questions
❑ Components Used: 1, 2, 5, 6
Knowledge Graph — Enriched With Semantics 2
Data and Metadata

Augmented Data Catalog 1

Data and Metadata

Data Sources

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Path 3: The Automation Path

Data Consumers

DataOps 6
Recommendation Engine 4
Data Integration and
Data Preparation
5 Active Metadata
The Automation Path
Metadata Activation 3
Need for Automation?
Data Metadata
 Components Used: 3 and 4,
along with other Knowledge Graph — Enriched With Semantics 2
components
Data and Metadata

Augmented Data Catalog 1

Data and Metadata

Data Sources

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 Key Issue Take-Away:
• Data fabric is a design concept.
• You cannot buy it!
• It needs to be designed with modular
technology components.

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 The Where:
Navigating
the Complex Vendor
Landscape

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Hype Cycle for Data Management 2022

Source: Hype Cycle for Data Management, 2022, 30 June 2022 (G00770739)
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Adoption Trends for Data Fabric

28%
Exploring
38%
Data Fabric Currently, about 1 in 4 organizations
Likely adop-
tion in the are pursuing (i.e., enterprise “intents”
next 2 years rather than actual deployments) a
fabric. Among these respondents, 3 in
5 are both exploring and adopting a
fabric in their D&A practices.

34%
Not actively
considering

n = 461
Source: Gartner
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Best-of-Breed vs. Best-Fit Engineering Tool Options

Stand-Alone Data Fabric? Individual Tools/Technology Markets?

DataOps-Enabling Technology

Incumbent
Independent Vendors
Data Preparation Tools
or

Emerging Data Fabric Mesh-Style

Data Integration Tools/Data Virtualization Tools Delivery
Specialists/Modern Data Stack

or
Knowledge Graphs + Semantic Enrichment
Service Providers
That Use
Open Source Metadata Management Tools/Data Catalogs
+ Consulting

Technology to Activate Metadata and Provide Automation/Suggestion

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Representative Vendors With Technology and
Capabilities That Support the Data Fabric Design 1
Alex Solutions Irion
Alteryx Neo4j
Augmented
Apache Software Nexla Data Catalogs Knowledge
Foundation Oracle Graph
Data
Capabilities
Ataccama Palantir Orchestration Supporting
Atlan and DataOps Data
SAP
Integration
Cambridge Semantics Semantic Web Company Stand-Alone Data
Cinchy Fabrics?
Stardog
CluedIn Data
Stratio Integration/ Semantics/
data.world TADA Preparation/ Data Modeling
Denodo Virtualization/ Tools
Talend Delivery AI/ML Toolkits
IBM TIBCO for Automation
Informatica

All data fabrics are not created equal.

1
Representative list of vendors
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Understand That Data Fabrics Will Take Time to
Mature — But You Need to Start NOW!
Assembly Required You cannot buy data fabric! Develop it based on use cases, design and various tool(s).

This needs a central metadata practice. Orgs must incentivize teams to continually practice
Comprehensiveness of Input
metadata collection, enrichment and sharing

Knowledge graphs, nonrelational data stores, graph modeling (RDFs, etc.), query languages
Lack of Talent
(GraphQL). Do you have the talent?

Culture Existing culture is to centralize data and to throw traditional technology at problems.

Apply the benefits of data fabrics by experimenting, reimagining and discovering — as the innovation is at an early stage.

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 Key Issue Take-Away:
Don’t look for data fabric “platforms” —
Instead look for composable, tightly
integrated, yet loosely coupled services
that share metadata.

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What’s Next for Data Fabric:
2023 Strategic Planning Assumptions

By 2025, 80% of all CDAOs will have adopted data fabric as

a driving factor in successfully addressing data management
complexity, thereby enabling them to focus on value-adding
digital business priorities.

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 Appendix:
Case Studies

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Case Study 1: Jaguar Land Rover

Jaguar Land Rover saw that a connected view of its supply and demand data
enabled it to become efficient in answering critical business questions.
Examples of the two-way line of sight that enables exploration, discovery and
inference:

Too many parts depend

on this supplier
Potential
alternative
suppliers

Only one
supplier provides this part Potential
alternative
suppliers

Source: Adapted From Jaguar Land Rover

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Case Study 2: Montefiore Hospitals

Source: Adapted From Montefiore Hospitals

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Case Study 3: Turku City
+
• Route Optimization
• Work Scheduling
+ • Employee Feedback
The city of Turku in Finland • Customer Touchpoints

Value of Data Assets

found its innovation held back
by gaps in its data. • Resource Allocation
+ • Location Analytics
By integrating fragmented
data assets, it was able to
• Employment Planning
reuse data, reduce time to
market by two-thirds and
create a monetizable data
fabric.

Employee + Building + Route and + Weather, Traffic and

Address Data Location Data Transportation Data Public Amenities Data

Source: Adapted From Turku City Data

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Recommended Gartner Research
Quick Answer: What Is Data Fabric Design?
Robert Thanaraj, Mark Beyer, Ehtisham Zaidi, Guido De Simoni (G00787121)

Quick Answer: What Is Data Mesh?

Roxane Edjlali, Ehtisham Zaidi, Henry Cook, Robert Thanaraj (G00785988)

Data and Analytics Essentials: Data Fabric and Data Mesh

Robert Thanaraj, Mark Beyer, Ehtisham Zaidi (G00787119)

Quick Answer: Comparing Data Fabric and Data Mesh

Mark Beyer, Robert Thanaraj (G00781081)

5 Ways to Enhance Your Data Engineering Practices

Robert Thanaraj, Ehtisham Zaidi, Roxane Edjlali, Mark Beyer (G00778645)

From Logical Data Warehouse to Data Fabric

Henry Cook, Mark Beyer, Philip Russom, Ehtisham Zaidi (G00745457)

Magic Quadrant for Data Integration Tools

Ehtisham Zaidi, Sharat Menon, Robert Thanaraj, Nina Showell (G00758102)

Access to Gartner research is subject to entitlement. For information, please contact your Gartner representative.
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