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GENERAL TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES IMFs

Intermolecular forces (IMFs) are the attractive forces between molecules, generally weaker than intramolecular forces. The document outlines five types of IMFs: dipole-dipole interactions, ion-dipole interactions, ion-induced dipole interactions, dipole-induced dipole interactions, and dispersion forces. Each type is characterized by its unique interactions and effects on physical properties like boiling points.

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Mark Anthony Nebrida
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9 views15 pages

GENERAL TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES IMFs

Intermolecular forces (IMFs) are the attractive forces between molecules, generally weaker than intramolecular forces. The document outlines five types of IMFs: dipole-dipole interactions, ion-dipole interactions, ion-induced dipole interactions, dipole-induced dipole interactions, and dispersion forces. Each type is characterized by its unique interactions and effects on physical properties like boiling points.

Uploaded by

Mark Anthony Nebrida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERAL TYPES OF

INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES (IMFs)
Group 2 Report (Physical Science)
Reporter: Mark Anthony Nebrida, Aldrin Dadia
Introduction:

• Intermolecular forces (IMFs) are the attractive


forces that exist between molecules.
• Intermolecular forces are generally weaker
than the intramolecular forces (covalent or
ionic bonds) that hold atoms together within a
molecule.
Introduction
• An intermolecular force is an attractive force that
arises between the positive components (or protons) of
one molecule and the negative components (or
electrons) of another molecule. Various physical and
chemical properties of a substance are dependent on
this force. The boiling point of a substance is
proportional to the strength of its intermolecular forces
– the stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the
boiling point.
Sample
Types of intermolecular forces

1. Dipole-Dipole Interactions
Dipole-dipole interactions are attractive forces among
polar molecules. Polar molecules have permanent
dipoles that are formed due to differences in the
electronegativities of the atoms that are associated
with a covalent bond. The partially positive portion of
one molecule is attracted to the partially negative
portion of another molecule.
Example

Dipole-dipole interactions occur in HCl molecules.


Chlorine is comparatively more electronegative than
hydrogen and it, therefore, acquires a partial
negative charge (whereas hydrogen acquires a
partial positive charge). The dipole-dipole interaction
then takes place between the HCl molecules.
Types of intermolecular Forces

2. Ion-Dipole Interactions
These interactions are similar to dipole-dipole interactions except for the fact
that they arise between ions and polar molecules.
Example: When NaCl is mixed with water in a beaker, the polar H2O molecules
are attracted to the sodium and chloride ions in the beaker. The strength of this
interaction depends on:
• The magnitude of the dipole moment
• Size of the polar molecule
• The size and charge of an ion
Types of intermolecular forces

3. Ion Induced Dipole Interactions


In this type of interaction, a non-polar molecule is
polarized by an ion placed near it. The non-polar
molecules, upon obtaining a charge, behave as induced
dipoles. This interaction between an ion and an induced
dipole is known as ion-induced dipole interaction.
Types of intermolecular forces

4. Dipole Induced Dipole Interaction


These interactions are similar to ion-induced
dipole interactions. However, the differentiating
factor is that non-polar molecules are
transformed into induced dipoles due to the
presence of a polar molecule nearby.
Types of intermolecular forces

5. Dispersion Forces or London Forces


It operates for a short distance and it is the
weakest force. This kind of force arises due to
the movement of electrons thus creating
temporary positive and negative charged
regions.

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