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Group 4 (Thinking & Problem Solving)

The document discusses the concepts of thinking and problem-solving in psychology, highlighting types of thinking such as convergent and divergent thinking. It outlines key steps in problem-solving, common strategies, barriers to effective problem-solving, and the importance of critical thinking. Real-world applications of these concepts are also presented, emphasizing their relevance in everyday decisions, professional fields, and creative problem-solving.

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Ihsan Aziz
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11 views12 pages

Group 4 (Thinking & Problem Solving)

The document discusses the concepts of thinking and problem-solving in psychology, highlighting types of thinking such as convergent and divergent thinking. It outlines key steps in problem-solving, common strategies, barriers to effective problem-solving, and the importance of critical thinking. Real-world applications of these concepts are also presented, emphasizing their relevance in everyday decisions, professional fields, and creative problem-solving.

Uploaded by

Ihsan Aziz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thinking and Problem

Solving in Psychology
UNRAVELING THE MYSTERIES OF THE MIND
Group Members

 Muhammad Akhter 8049  Shaista Perveen 8054


 Muhammad Sabtain 8053
 Mazhar Hameed 8047
 Alia Nawaz 8048  Shagufta Kanwal 8056
 Hafiz M. Saram 8055
 Shehreena Zia 8050
 Zainab Munawar 8052  M. Munawar Sohail 8057
Types of Thinking:
 Convergent Thinking: Focusing
Thinking: on finding one clear, correct answer.
Example: Solving a math problem
or completing a crossword puzzle.
Thinking is how we process
ideas, solve problems, and  Divergent Thinking:
make decisions—it’s our Exploring multiple ideas and
brain’s way of working possibilities.
through the world around Example: Brainstorming ideas for a
us. party theme or a new invention.
Key Steps:
 Identifying the problem:
Example: Noticing your laptop is
Problem-Solving running slowly.
 Generating potential solutions:
Problem-solving is the Example: Cleaning up files,
process of finding upgrading hardware, or restarting
answers to challenges the system.
and figuring out the
 Evaluating and selecting
best way to fix or
handle them. solutions:
Example: Deciding to restart
because it’s the quickest fix.
 Implementing the solution:
Example: Restarting the laptop and
checking if it runs faster.
Types of Problem Solving

Algorithms: Heuristics: Insight:


A step-by-step method A quick, rule-of-thumb A sudden realization or
that guarantees a strategy that might not the “aha!” moment when
solution if followed always work but saves the answer becomes
correctly. time. clear.
Example: Using a recipe Example: Guessing a Example: Figuring out
to bake a cake. password based on the ending to a tricky
common patterns. riddle.
Common Problem-Solving Strategies

Working Means-End
Trial and Error: Backwards: Analysis:
Trying different options Starting at the goal and Breaking a big challenge
until one works. figuring out how to get into smaller, easier steps.
Example: Testing there. Example: Completing a
different keys to unlock a Example: Planning a school project one
door. party by deciding on the section at a time.
date first and working
backward to organize
tasks.
Barriers to Effective Problem Solving

Functional Confirmation
Fixedness Mental Set Bias:
Seeing an object for only Sticking to old methods Only paying attention to
its usual use. that don’t work anymore. information that supports
Example: Not realizing Example: Restarting your views.
you can use a book to your phone for every Example: Reading news
prop open a window. tech issue, even when articles that agree with
it’s unnecessary. your opinion and ignoring
others
Components:
Critical Thinking  Open-mindedness:
in Problem Being willing to consider new ideas.
Solving Example: Listening to a teammate’s
suggestions for improving a project.
 Logical Reasoning:
Critical thinking is
analyzing information Making decisions based on facts and clear
carefully to make the thinking.
best decisions. Example: Solving a mystery by following
the clues step by step.
 Questioning Assumptions:
Asking whether the usual way is the best
way.
Example: Wondering if you really need to
spend so much time on unnecessary
meetings.
Real-World Applications

Everyday Professional Creativity in


Decisions: Fields Problem Solving:
Solving practical Using thinking skills at Coming up with unique
problems. work. solutions.
Example: Choosing what Example: Engineers Example: Turning old
to cook for dinner based designing a new bridge jeans into a new bag or
on the ingredients you or doctors diagnosing inventing eco-friendly
have illnesses. products.
Summary

 Thinking and problem-solving are essential for


overcoming challenges and making decisions.
 Using strategies and avoiding mental barriers makes
solving problems easier.
 Critical thinking adds value by helping us make
thoughtful, informed choices.
Have any
questions?
Thank
You !

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