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PNEUMATICS

Pneumatics is the use of compressed gas energy to create motion, with applications in manufacturing, processing, and robotics. Key components include compressors, valves, actuators, and buffer tanks, which manage the flow and storage of compressed air. While pneumatic systems are cheaper and cleaner than hydraulic systems, they have limitations such as lower pressure capabilities and potential air leakage.

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27 views22 pages

PNEUMATICS

Pneumatics is the use of compressed gas energy to create motion, with applications in manufacturing, processing, and robotics. Key components include compressors, valves, actuators, and buffer tanks, which manage the flow and storage of compressed air. While pneumatic systems are cheaper and cleaner than hydraulic systems, they have limitations such as lower pressure capabilities and potential air leakage.

Uploaded by

aiannazayndelcamen31
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PNEUMATICS

WHAT IS PNEUMATICS

Pneumatics is an aspect of physics and engineering that is concerned


with using the energy in compressed gas to make something move or work.

The origins of pneumatics trace back to the first century when the Greek
mathematician Hero of Alexandria created mechanical systems powered by
wind and steam and documented his processes. Today, pneumatics plays an
important role in manufacturing and mechatronics.
• Valves control the flow of energy from pressurized gas, which is often
simply compressed air. The device that converts energy from the
pressurized gas into motion is called a pneumatic actuator.

• Pneumatic actuators are often powered by electric compressors and are


capable of producing either linear or rotary motion.
• Pneumatic systems are similar to hydraulics in function, but hydraulic
systems use liquid to power movement and work instead of gas.
Pneumatic systems are simpler to design and simpler to manage than
hydraulic systems, but hydraulic systems are capable of greater
pressures.
• Pneumatic systems are similar to hydraulics in function, but hydraulic
systems use liquid to power movement and work instead of gas.
Pneumatic systems are simpler to design and simpler to manage than
hydraulic systems, but hydraulic systems are capable of greater
pressures. Up to 10,000 PSI with hydraulics, compared to about 100
PSI with pneumatics.
COMPONENTS OF
PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
Check Valves
These are one-way valves that are installed to the hose, which connects the
compressor to the buffer tank. They let the compressed air gather in the
buffer tanks, but prevent backflow into the compressor tank.
Compressor.
It is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of air by reducing its
volume. This is a pump powered by gas or electricity. It compresses the air to
a higher PSI (pounds per square inch). Compressors have a tank connected to
store the air before it’s released into the pneumatic track. An air compressor
is a specific type of gas compressor.
Regulators and Gauges.
These are equipment that is connected to the compressor or compressor tank.
To release air into the pneumatic track, the regulator is electrically or
mechanically triggered. Gauges are also electric or mechanic measuring
instruments. They let the computer system or operator to regulate and check
the PSI of the air inside the compressor.
Accumulator or Buffer Tank.
Buffer tanks are secondary storage units for the compressed air that came
from the compressor. They are storing the high-PSI compressed air for the
pneumatic actuators. These tanks help in preventing irregular airflow surges in
the actuators, allowing the compressor cycle to maximize its shutoff timing.
They also allow the compressor to be in the exact distance from the actuators
in projects.
Feed Lines.
These are hoses that move the pressurized air through the pneumatic system.
The largest diameter hoses are installed to handle the PSI. These large hoses
allow the pressurized air to travel faster, eliminating the airflow backups.
Actuators.
These are the components of the pneumatic system that do the hard
work. Many types of actuators are powered by pressurized air. The most
frequently used are cylinder and plunge. The pressurized air is released
into the cylinder to make a piston move forward as the air is forced to the
chamber.
Applications of Pneumatics
1.Used in manufacturing industries like machine tools, automotive, domestic
appliances & commercial appliances.

2.Used in processing industries like food processing, chemical, textiles, paper,


petrochemical, etc.

3.Used in railway coaches, automobile braking systems, wagons & printing


presses.

4.Used in industrial robots for different purposes like packing, filling, drilling,
stamping, punching, hosting, clamping, etc.
PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS ADVANTAGES

1. INFINITE AVAILABILITY OF THE SOURCES


Air being freely and easily available everywhere there is no scarcity of the
source. Just need some filtration for its use in pneumatic systems. As compared
to the hydraulic oil, it is very cheap.

2. SAFE AND CLEAN


As compared to hydraulic and other systems, air is very safe and clean in
operation. Food industry, pharmaceutical industry, etc. prefer pneumatic system
over other because leakage of air doesn’t causes any issues. The system is
relatively clean, no dirt accumulates due to oil leakage like in hydraulic system.
3. LESS OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COST
Pneumatic system operates with very less resources and is easy to maintain.

4. THE TRANSFER OF POWER AND THE SPEED IS VERY EASY TO SET UP


The speed and power is controlled by pressure and flow of air, which can be easily
controlled by knobbed controls. Just varying the pressure changes the force and varying air
flow changes the speed of the actuator.

5. CAN BE STORED AND EASY TO UTILIZE


Compressed air can be easily stored in a reservoir tank. It retains its pressure over long time. Also it
is harmless even it leakages.
PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS
DISADVANTAGES
1. REQUIRES INSTALLATION OF AIR-PRODUCING EQUIPMENT
Every pneumatic system needs constant supply of compressed air, which is
produced by a compressor.

2. CAN EASILY LEAK


Leakage of air is one of the main issue in pneumatic system. Air can easily leak
from the joints and threading.
3. POTENTIAL NOISE
Exhausting air produces large noise as compared to other power transmitting systems.

4. LOW OPERATING PRESSURE


As compared to Hydraulic system where the pressure above 500 bar is possible to produce,
pneumatic system max pressure is limited in most cases to 10-20 bar. Hence very heavy
work can not be done with pneumatic system.

5. COMPRESSIBILITY OF AIR CAUSES PROBLEMS IN PRECISION


As compared to hydraulic system working medium, which is oil, air is compressible. Hence
very precise motions and movements are not possible.

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