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Generations of Programming Languages

The document provides an overview of programming languages, explaining their purpose as sets of instructions for computers. It details the five generations of programming languages, from machine-level binary code to high-level languages and artificial intelligence applications. Each generation is characterized by its complexity, usability, and the level of abstraction from machine code.

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6 views

Generations of Programming Languages

The document provides an overview of programming languages, explaining their purpose as sets of instructions for computers. It details the five generations of programming languages, from machine-level binary code to high-level languages and artificial intelligence applications. Each generation is characterized by its complexity, usability, and the level of abstraction from machine code.

Uploaded by

zainsaduzai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERATIONS

OF
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
Demo Class
KEF Foundation Basali Rawat
FIRST THING TO KNOW
 What exactly is the programming
language?
 a set of instructions written by a programmer to deliver
instructions to the computer to perform and accomplish
a task.
 Example: Binary Language, C++,Java etc.

 Just like we talk to each other in our native languages


(Urdu, Pashto, Hindko or English), we communicate with
the computer particularly with the CPU to perform
certain tasks with the help of programming languages.

 Just like every language in the world has its alphabets


which makes words, programming languages also have
its keywords and syntax
SYNTAX & KEYWORDS
 Keyword is a reserved word in a
programming language that has a predefined
meaning and cannot be used for any other
purpose, such as naming variables or
functions. Keywords form the basic building
blocks of a program’s syntax.

 Syntax refers to the rules that define the


structure of a language. Syntax in computer
programming means the rules that control
the structure of the symbols, punctuation,
and words of a programming language.
GENERATIONS OF
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
 First Generation Language (1GL)
 Second Generation Language (2GL)
 Third Generation Language (3GL)
 Fourth Generation Language (4GL)
 Fifth Generation Language (5GL)
1ST GENERATION
LANGUAGE
 Machine level programming language,
can directly communicate with the
cpu/computer.
 It was in the form of binary (0-1).
 They can be executed really fast but to
develop those languages, it was a hectic
process.

 For intance: Binary code of alphabet a is


01100001 and b is 01100010, so how
long would it take to make a language
which can type a word Absent?
FLAWS IN 1ST
GENERATION
 Developers were limited.
 Lengthy binary codes to write.
 Hard to understand by a common
person.
2ND GENERATION
LANGUAGE
 Low-level programming language.
 It’s a slight improvement over machine
language (1st Generation Language).
 It uses English abbreviations called
mnemonics such as ADD for addition, SUB
for subtraction and DIV for division.
 It made us easy to understand certain
functions (and get rid of complex binary
codes).
 Assembly language used assembler (a
kind of translator) which translated
mnemonics into binary codes.
EXAMPLE
 Binary code for 22 is 10110
 Binary code for 24 is 11000
 Binary code for 46 is 101110
 Binary code for Addition is Add
 Addition of 22 and 24 =
Add 10110 11000 = 101110
ADVANTAGES OF
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
 Requires less instructions to get results
 Still in use
 required less time to execute program
and was faster in use
DISADVANTAGES OF
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
 Requires lot of time to write a log code or
instructions.
 Complex and difficult to understand.
 Needs more memory to run long program.
3RD GENERATION
LANGUAGE
 High level languages.
 Common examples (C, C++,Java, PHP
and Python etc).
 Machine independent and programmer-
friendly language.
 It uses compiler or interpreter to
execute the instructions.
 Made to develop user friendly software
or programs. Now people can easily
write programs in their native languages
like English and Spanish and German
etc.
USE OF COMPILER OR
INTERPRETER
 A program that translates your native
language instruction into machine level
language (Binary).
 Advantages
 Programmer friendly (uses your native
langauge)
 Machine independent language (use your
own language, no need to learn commands
or codes.
 Easy to learn, write and maintain.
 Have syntax, so you can easily find errors
DISADVANTAGES
 Takes additional time to translate from
source code (your langauge) to machine
language.
 Requires more memory storage.
 Its written programs are slower to
execute than machine language
programs.
4TH GENERATION
LANGUAGES
 Also highl level languages.
 SQL/PLSQL, R and MATLAB.
 Designed to perform specialized tasks
such as for Database Management we
use SQL (structured Query Language)
and for complex mathematics solutions
we use MATLAB.
5TH GENERATION
LANGUAGE
 Used in to solve constraint programming (more
focused on problem solving rather than who is
developing program or in which language).
 It is far beyond the concept of language models
and versions. It focuses on problem solving and
creating modules. Artificial Intelligence is the
common example of 5th generation
 Example: Voice to text converter, google
assistant, voice to video, text to image creator.
 Leanardo AI, Runway ML, ChatGPT, Midjourney.

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