UNIT 5

FRICTION AND ELEMENTS OF

RIGID BODY DYNAMICS
FRICTION AND ELEMENTS OF RIGID BODY DYNAMICS
 Friction force
 Laws of sliding friction
 Equilibrium analysis of simple systems with sliding friction
 Wedge friction
 Rolling resistance
 Translation and Rotation of Rigid Bodies
 Velocity and acceleration
 General Plane motion of simple rigid bodies such as cylinder, disc/wheel
and sphere
FRICTION
Friction is a force distribution at the surface of contact which acts
tangential to the surface of contact and opposite to the direction of motion.
Types of Friction
Laws of Friction (Coulomb Friction)
The experimental studies by Coulomb, resulted in the following principles called the
laws of dry friction
1. The force of friction always acts in the direction opposite to that in which the body
tends to move.
2.The magnitude of friction is exactly equal to the force which tends to move the body.
3.The magnitude of limiting friction bears a constant ratio to the normal reaction
between the two surfaces.
4.The friction force depends upon the roughness or smoothness of the surface.
5.The friction force is independent of the area of contact between the two surfaces.
6.The magnitude of the dynamic friction is less than that of limiting friction and it
bears a constant ratio with normal reaction, which is called the coefficient of
dynamic friction
Coefficient of Friction
The ratio of the magnitude of limiting friction to the magnitude of the
normal reaction between two contact surfaces is called coefficient of friction. It is
constant for a surface. It is represented by µ,
Coefficient of Friction   F
N
Where
F = Limiting friction
N = Normal reaction between the contact surfaces
Angle of Friction
F is the frictional force and N is the normal reaction, in a block of weight
W, experiencing a force P as shown in the figure.
F and N are the reactions at the contact surface. The resultant of F and N
is R, which acts at an angle θ to the normal reaction. This angle θ is known as the
angle of friction. It is given by.
F
tan  
N

 Angle of friction is defined as angle between the resultant reaction (R) and the
normal (N) at the plane of contact.
Angle of repose
Consider a block of weight W resting on an
inclined plane which makes an angle θ with the horizontal.
When θ is small the block will be at rest. If a is increased
gradually, at a particular stage the block starts sliding. This
angle between the inclined plane and horizontal is called the
angle of repose
Therefore, the maximum inclination of the plane
on which a body, free from external forces can slide down is
called angle of repose.
Cone of Friction
Consider a block of weight W, which is having
impending motion in the direction of the force P. The
frictional force will be the limiting friction, and the resultant
reaction R makes the angle of friction θ with the normal as
shown in thefigure.
When the direction of force P is gradually
changed through 360°, the resultant R generates a right
circular core as shown in the figure with a semi central
angle equal to the angle of friction θ . This inverted cone
with semi central angle equal to the angle of limiting
friction is called cone of friction.
Problem 1
A block of mass 100 kg rests on a horizontal plane as shown in figure. The
coefficient of friction is 0.4. Determine the force required (a) to pull it (b) to push it.
Solution
Given Data
Mass (m) = 100 kg
coefficient of friction (µ) = 0.4 200
To Find
1. Force required to pull it
2. Force required to push it
Force required to pull it
Writing the equations of equilibrium
ΣH = 0
P Cos 20° - F = 0 W=mg
0.939 P - 0.4 N = 0
P = 0.425 P ----------- (1)
ΣV= 0 200
N - W + P sin 20° = 0
N - 100 x 9.81 + P sin 20° = 0
N - 981 + 0.342 P = 0 --------- (2)
From equation (1) and (2) F=µN N
N - 981 + 0.342 x 0.425 N = 0
N = 856 Newton
P = 364 Newton
b) Force required to push it W=mg
Writing the equations of equilibrium
ΣH = 0
- P cos 20° + F = 0 200

- 0.939 P + 0.4 N = 0
P = 0.425 N -----------> (3)
F=µN
ΣV= 0 N

N - W - P sin 20° = 0
N -100 x 9.81 - 0.342 P = 0 -----------> (4)
From equations (3) and (4)
N - 981 - 0.342 x 0.425 N = 0
N = 1147.8 Newton
P = 488 Newton
Answer:
a) Force required to pull it = 364 Newton
b) Force required to push it = 488 Newton
Problem 2
A weight of 600 N, which is supported by a force of 250 N, (which acts
parallel to the plane) starts moving down the inclined plane. The same weight when
pulled by a force of 350 N parallel to the plane, just starts moving up. Find the
inclination of the plane and the coefficient of friction between the weight and the
plane.
Solution
Given Data
Weight (W) = 600 N
To Find
1. Inclination of the plane
2. Coefficient of friction
When the block just starts moving down the plane
writing the equations of equilibrium
ΣV = 0
N = 600 cosθ
F= μN = μ 600 cosθ ------- (1)
ΣH= 0
- 600 sin θ + 250 + F = 0
600 sin θ - 600 μ cos θ = 250 ----------(2)
When the block just starts moving up the plane:
ΣV= 0
N = 600 cos θ
F =μN = 600 μ cos θ ------ (3)
ΣH = 0
- 600 sinθ - F + 350 = 0
600 sin θ +600 μ cos θ = 350 ----- (4)
Adding equations (2) and (4)
1200 sin θ = 600
θ = 30°
Substitute this in(4) equation we get
μ = 0.096
Problem for practice
An effort of 200 N is required just to move a certain body up an inclined
plane of angle 15°, the force is acting parallel to the plane. If the angle of
inclination of the plane is made 20°, the effort required being again parallel to the
plane, is found to be 230 N. Find the weight of the body and the coefficient of
friction
Problem 3
Two blocks of weight W and 1200 N, rests on two identical inclined
planes AB and BC inclined at 600 and 300 to the horizontal meeting at the point B,
respectively. They are connected by a rope passing over a smooth pulley at B. If
the coefficient of friction between the block and the plane AB is 0.23 and that
between the block & plane BC is 0.25, find the least and the greatest value of W for
the system to be in equilibrium.
Solution
Given Data
Weight (W1) = W
Weight (W2) = 1200 N
θ1 = 600 and θ2= 300
μ1 = 0.23 and μ2= 0.25
To Find
The least and the greatest value of W for the system to be in equilibrium.
a) For the least value of W for equilibrium, the motion of 1200 N block is
impending down wards
Considering the 1200 N Block
From the equations of equilibrium
ΣV= 0
N1= 1200 cos 300 = 1039 N
F1= μ1N1= 0.25 *1039 = 260 N
ΣH = 0
1200 sin 300 - F1- T = 0
T = 340 N
Considering weight 'w' Block
From the equation of equilibrium
ΣV= 0
N2 = W cos 600
N2= 0.5 W
F2= μ2N2 = 0.23 * 0.5 W
=0.115W
ΣH = 0
- W sin 600- F2+ T = 0
- 0.866 W - 0.115 W + 340 = 0
W = 346.5 N
b) For the greatest value of W, the motion of 1200 N block is impending motion
upwards.
Considering the 1200 N Block
ΣV= 0
N1= 1200 cos 300 = 1039 N
F1= μ1N1= 0.25 *1039 = 260 N
ΣH = 0
- 1200 sin 300 - F1+ T = 0
T = 860 N
Considering weight 'w' Block:
N2= 0.5W
F2= 0.115W
ΣH = 0
W Sin 60° - F2- T = 0
0.866 W- 0.115 W = 860
W = 1145 N
Answer
Least value of W = 346.5 N
Greatest value of W = 1145 N
Problem 4 for practice (May/June 2014)
Two blocks A and B are placed on inclined planes as shown in figure.
The block A weighs 1000N. Determine minimum weight of the block B for
maintaining the equilibrium of the system. Assume that the blocks are connected by
an inextensible string passing over a frictionless pulley. Coefficient of friction μA
between the block A and the plane is 0.25. Assume the same value for μB

A
B

300 600
Problem 5
Two blocks of weight 500 N and 900 N connected by a rod and kept on an
inclined plane as shown in Figure. The rod is parallel to the plane. The coefficient of
friction between 500 N blocks and the plane is 0.3 and that between 900 N and the
plane is 0.4. Find the inclination of the plane with the horizontal when the motion
down the plane is just about to start.(AU- May 2009)

Solution
Given data
Weight of the first block (W1) = 500 N
Weight of the second block (W2) = 900 N
The coefficient of friction between first block and plane µ 1 = 0.3
The coefficient of friction between second block and plane µ2 = 0.4
To find
The inclination of the plane with the horizontal (θ)
Free Body Diagram
Considering 500 N block
Applying equations of equilibrium for block A (500N block)
 Here block moves downward direction, so that the friction force acted
upward direction
ΣV = 0
NA + 500 cosθ = 0
NA = 500 cosθ ---- (1)

ΣH= 0
T+FA + 500 sin θ = 0
T + 0.3(NA) +500 sin θ = 0
T = 500 sinθ - 0.3(NA) ---- (2)
Sub (1) value in (2)
T = 500 sinθ – 0.3 (500 cosθ)
T = 500 sinθ – 150 cosθ ---- (3)
Considering 900 N block Applying equations of equilibrium for block B (900N block)
Here also block moves downward direction, so that the friction force acted upward direction
ΣV = 0
NB + 900 cosθ = 0
NB = 900 cosθ ---- (4)
ΣH= 0
- T+FB + 900 sin θ = 0
- T + 0.4(NB) + 900 sin θ = 0
- T = 900 sinθ - 0.3(NB) ---- (5)
Sub (4) value in (5)
T = - 900 sinθ – 0.3 (900 cosθ)
T = - 900 sinθ + 360 cosθ ---- (6)
From equation (3) and (6)
500 sinθ – 150 cosθ = - 900 sinθ + 360 cosθ
500 sinθ+ 900 sinθ = 360 cosθ + 150 cosθ
1400 sinθ= 510 cosθ
θ = 20.020
The inclination of the plane with the horizontal when the motion down the plane is just about to
start = 20.020
Problem 6 for practice
A cord connects two bodies of weighing 500 N and 1000 N as shown in
Figure. The two bodies are placed on an inclined plane and cord is parallel to
inclined plane. The coefficients of friction for the weight of 500 N is 0.20 and that
of 1000 N is 0.4. Determine the inclination of the plane to the horizontal and
tension in the cord when the motion is about to take place, down the inclined plane.
The body weighing 500 N is below the body weighing 1000 N
Problem 7
Determine the least value of 'P' required to cause the motion to impend the system
shown in Figure. Assume coefficient of friction to be 0.20

Solution
Given data
Weight of the first block (W1) = 840 N
Weight of the second block (W2) = 560 N
The coefficient of friction between blocks and plane µ S = 0.20
The pulley is smooth (No friction on the pulley)
To find
The least value force P
Free Body Diagram
Considering 840 N block
Applying equations of equilibrium for block A (840N block)
 Here block moves upward direction, so that the friction force acted downward
direction
ΣV = 0
N1 - 1250 = 0
N1 = 420 N
ΣH= 0
- 840 sin60 + T– F1= 0
727.46 + T – 0.2(N1) = 0
Sub (N1) value
727.46 + T – 0.2(420) = 0
T = 811.46 N
Considering 560 N block
Applying equations of equilibrium for block B (560N block)
Here block moves right hand side, so that the friction force acted left hand side
ΣV= 0
P sinθ + N2 -560 = 0
N2 = 560 - P sinθ ----- (1)
ΣH = 0
P cosθ – T – F2 = 0
P cosθ – 811.46 – 0.2(N2) = 0
P cosθ – 0.2N2 = 811.46 ----- (2)
Sum equation (1) in (2)
P cosθ – 0.2(560 - P sinθ) = 811.46
P cosθ – 112 + 0.2P sinθ = 811.46
P cosθ + 0.2P sinθ = 811.46 + 112
P cosθ + 0.2P sinθ = 923.46 ---- (3)
----- (4)
 We want to find the minimum value of P, for minimum value of P the denominator
value must be maximum.

- Sinθ + 0.2 cosθ = 0

Sinθ = 0.2 cosθ
tan θ = 0.2
θ = 11.30
Now Sub θ = 11.30in equation (4)
P = 905.53N
The least value force P = 905.53 N
Problem 8 for Practice
What is the least value of P to cause motion to impend for the system
shown in Figure? Assume the coefficient of friction to be 0.25
Problem 9 (AU – May 2015)
Two rough planes are joined together one of them is
horizontal and the other is inclined at 45° to the horizontal. A 100
kg block is on the inclined plane and is connected to a 60 kg block
on the horizontal plane through a cable passing over a smooth pulley
at the junction of the planes. A dragging force of A is applied on 60
kg block at an angle of θ to the horizontal. Find the magnitude of the
force and the value of θ for the motion is about to start. Assume µ=
0.25
Solution
Given data
Mass (m1) = 100 kg
Mass (m2) = 60 kg
µ= 0.25
To Find
 The magnitude of the force (A)
 The value of θ
Both the blocks moves left side, so that friction force acts right side.
Free body diagram
Apply conditions for equilibrium for 100 kg block
∑H = 0
- 100 sin 45 +NR = 0
NR = 100 sin 45
NR = 70.71 kg
∑V = 0
100cos 45 + NR*0.25 – T = 0
T = 88.38 kg
Apply conditions for equilibrium for 600 kg block
∑H = 0
F + T – A cosθ = 0
A cosθ = -106.05 ------ (1)
∑V = 0
A sinθ – 60 + NR= 0
A sinθ = -70.71 ------- (2)
From equation (1) and (2)
θ = 33.690
A = - 127.46 kg = 1250.46N
The magnitude of the force (A) = - 127.46 kg = 1250.46N
The value of (θ) = 33.690
Problem 10
Determine the smallest force P required to move the block B shown in
Figure. If (i) block A is restrained by cable CD as shown in figure; and (ii) cable CD
is removed. Take µs= 0.30 and µk= 0.25

Solution
Given Data
Mass of Block (A) = mA = 150kg
Weight of Block (A) = WA = 150*9.81 N = 1471.5 N
Mass of Block (B) = mB = 225kg
Weight of Block (B) = WB = 225*9.81 N = 2207.25 N
µs= 0.30 and µk= 0.25
To Find
 The smallest force P required to move the block B,If block A is restrained by cable
CD
 The smallest force P required to move the block B,If cable CD is removed
 Case (i) To find P when block A is restrained by cable CD
Considering 150 kg block Considering 225 kg block
 Here Friction Force act towards  Here are two contact surfaces, so that
Left hand side, because tension in two friction forces are acting
cable act towards Right hand side. Now, apply ΣV = 0
Apply the conditions for equilibrium - NB + NA + WB = 0
ΣH = 0; ΣV = 0 - NB + 1471.5 + 2207.25 = 0
Now, apply ΣV = 0 NB = 3678.75 N
Now, apply ΣH = 0
NA – WA = 0
- P +FA – FB = 0
NA – 1471.5 = 0 -P + 441.45– FB = 0
NA = 1471.5 N W.K.T
Now, apply ΣH = 0 F = µN
T – FA = 0 -P + 441.45– µBN B = 0
W.K.T -P + 441.45 + 0.3 (3678.75) = 0
P = 441.45 + 1103.62 = 1545.08 N
F = µN  The smallest force P required to move
T – µN A = 0 the block B is = 1545.08 N
T – (0.3*1471.5) = 0
 Case (ii)To find P when cable is removed
FREE BODY DIAGRAM
It can be noted that when the cable is
removed, then there will not be any frictional force
between the block A and block B; friction will be
only in between block B and the floor. Now the
FBD of the blocks is shown in Figure
Applying the equations of equilibrium for block B
Now, apply ΣV = 0
NB – (WA+WB)= 0
NB + (1471.5 + 2207.25) = 0
NB = 3678.75 N
Now, apply ΣH = 0
- P – FB = 0
-P – FB = 0
W.K.T
F = µN
-P– µBN B = 0
-P + 0.3 (3678.75) = 0
P = 1103.62 N
 The smallest force P required to move the block
B is = 1103.62 N
Problem 11
Block B weighing 100 N rests on 150 N weight block A. The block B is
attached to the wall by a horizontal rope BC, as shown in Figure. The coefficient of
friction between A and the floor is 0.25 and between A and B is 0.25. What force P
is necessary to cause motion of A to impend?

Solution
Given Data
Weight of Block (A) = WA = 100 N
Weight of Block (B) = WB = 150 N
The coefficient of friction between Aand the floor is µ= 0.25
The coefficient of friction between A and B isµ= 0.25
To Find
 Force P is necessary to cause motion of A to impend
Considering 100 N block Considering 150 N block
Apply the conditions for Applying the equations of equilibrium for
equilibrium the block A
ΣH = 0; ΣV = 0 Now, apply ΣV = 0
P sin 45 +NA - NB- 150= 0
Now, apply ΣV = 0
0.707P + NA - 100 - 150= 0
NB – WB = 0
NA - 250 + 0.707P= 0
NB – 100 = 0
NA+ 0.707P = 250 ----- (1)
NB = 100 N Now, apply ΣH = 0
Now, apply ΣH = 0 - P cos 45 +FA + FB= 0
T – FB = 0 W.K.T
W.K.T F = µN
F = µN -0.707 P + 0.25NA+ 25 = 0
T – µNB = 0 0.25NA- 0.707 P = - 25 ---- (2)
T – (0.25*100) = 0 On solving Equation (1) and (2)
T = 25 N NA = 180 N
P = 99.01
 Force P is necessary to cause motion
of A to impend = 99.01 N
Problem 12
A block of weight 1290 N rests on a horizontal surface and supports
another block of weight 570 N on top of it as shown in Figure. Find the force P
applied to the lower block that will be necessary to cause slipping to impend.
Take µas 0.25 between block 1 and block 2 and 0.4 between floor and block 1.

Solution
Given Data
Weight of Block (1) = W1 = 1290 N
Weight of Block (2) = W2 = 570 N
The coefficient of friction between floor and block 1µ1 = 0.4
The coefficient of friction between block 1and block 2is µ2= 0.25
To Find
 The force P applied to the lower block that will be necessary to cause slipping to
impend
Considering 570 N block Considering 570 N block

Apply the conditions for equilibrium

ΣH = 0; ΣV = 0
Now, apply ΣV = 0
T sin 36.87 + N2 – W2 = 0 Apply the conditions for equilibrium
0.6 T + N2 - 570 = 0 Now, apply ΣV = 0
0.6 T + N2 = 570 ----- (1) + N1- N2 + W1 = 0
Now, apply ΣH = 0 N1- 480 - 1290 = 0
- T cos 36.87 – F2= 0 N1= 1770 N
W.K.T Now, apply ΣH = 0
F = µN P – F1– F2= 0
- 0.8 T + 0.25 N2= 0 ----- (2) W.K.T
On solving Equation (1) and (2) F = µN
N2 = 480 N P - 0.4 N1- 120 = 0
T = 150 N P - 0.4 (1770)- 120 = 0
F2 = µ2N2 P = 828 N
F = 120 N The force P applied to the lower block = 828 N
5.3 Ladder Friction
Consider a ladder placed against a vertical wall. The free body diagram
of ladder is shown in figure
W = Weight of the ladder acting through its center of gravity.
NA = Vertical wall reaction at A
NB = Floor reaction at B
FA = Frictional force between the vertical wall and the ladder at A
FB = Frictional force between the floor and the ladder at B.
The ladder is supposed to carry the weight of the persons standing on it.
The frictional force offered by the wall F A shall be considered negligible when the
wall is smooth.
Problem 13
A ladder of length 5m, and weight 300 N rests against a vertical wall. It
makes an angle of 60° with the horizontal. If a man of weight two times that of the
ladder is standing at a distance of 3m from A, find the minimum horizontal force to be
applied at A to prevent slipping. The coefficient of friction between the wall & ladder
is 0.3 and that between the floor & ladder is 0.25.
Solution
Given Data
Length of the Ladder AB = 5m
Weight of the Ladder = 300 N
AF = 2.5m (Mid point of the ladder)
AG =3m
Weight of the man = two times that of the ladder
Weight of the man = 600 N
Coefficient of friction between the wall & ladder is µ B= 0.3
Coefficient of friction between the Floor& ladder is µ A = 0.25
Angle with the horizontal = 60°
To Find
The minimum horizontal force to be applied at A to prevent slipping
Problem 14
A ladder of length 5m, and weight 300 N rests against a vertical wall. It
makes an angle of 60° with the horizontal. If a man of weight two times that of the
ladder is standing at a distance of 3m from A, find the minimum horizontal force to
be applied at A to prevent slipping. The coefficient of friction between the wall &
ladder is 0.3 and that between the floor & ladder is 0.25.
Solution
AB = 5m ; AF = 2.5m ; AG =3m
…..
Problem 15
A 7m long ladder is supported as shown in figure. The coefficient of
friction between the floor & the ladder is 0.38 and between the wall and the ladder
is 0.33. The weight of the ladder is 400 N & it supports a man of weight 800 N at a
distance of 1mfrom B. Determine the least value of inclination of the ladder with
the horizontal, at which it may be placed without slipping. Determine the reactions
Solution
Problem 16
A ladder of length 8m rests on a horizontal ground and leans against a
smooth vertical wall at an angle of 70° with the horizontal. The weight of the
ladder is 300N. The ladder is on the verge of sliding when a man weighing 800 N
stands on a rung 15m high. Calculate the coefficient of friction between the ladder
and the floor.
Solution
Rolling Resistance
When one body is made to roll freely over an another body, a resistance
is developed in the opposite direction, known as 'Rolling Resistance'. This
resistance helps to roll the body without any slipping.
P*r=W*b
If the cylinder rolls down an inclined plane
BELT FRICTION
A belt drive is a device with belt and pulley arrangement, which is used
for transmitting power from one end to other end, applying brakes, lifting a load
etc.,

T1
e  T2 T1e 
T2

Note
 Angle of contact ‘θ’ must be in radians.
 The tension in the belt will vary throughout the contact of surface.
 The difference of T1 and T2 is responsible foe torque and power transmission.
 Torque = (T1 – T2) * radius of the shaft
 Power transmitted = (T1 – T2) * velocity of belt
Problem 17
A rope is wound over a pulley as shown in figure. If the tension
which pulls the belt on one end is 4 kN, determine the necessary tension on the
other side of the belt to resist? Take μ= 0.25
Given Data
Tension on the belt (T2) = 4 kN
μ= 0.25
To Find
Tension on the other side (T1)
Formula Used T1 T2 T1e 
e
T2
From figure θ = 180 – (10+10) = 1600
θ = (160*Π /180) = 2.792 radians
T1 = 2kN
Problem 18
A 100 kg mass is lifted by a rope, rolling on a cylinder of 150 mm
diameter as shown in figure. Determine the force required on the other side if the
coefficient of friction is 0.20.Also calculate the torque and power transmitted, if the
velocity is 30 m/s.
Given Data
Tension on the belt (T2) = 100 kg
μ= 0.20
To Find
1. Tension on the other side (T1)
2. Torque
T1
3. Power transmitted e  T2 T1e 
Formula Used
T2
From figure θ = 1800
θ = (180*Π /180) = Π radians
Problem 19
A rope is wrapped three times around a rod as shown in figure.
Determine the force required on the free end of the rope, to support a load of 20
KN weight. The coefficient of friction between the rope and rod is 0.30.
Given Data
Tension on the belt (T2) = 20 kN
μ= 0.30
To Find
Tension on the other side (T1)
Contact angle of belt θ = angle of turn * number of turns
= (360 * 3)0
= (360 *3) * (∏/180)
= 6 ∏ radians
Problem 20
A wheel of weight 1000 N and diameter 600 mm is required to move on a
horizontal surface. If the co-efficient of rolling resistance is 15 mm, calculate the
force required to roll the wheel without slipping.
Given Data
W = 1000N
b = 15 mm
r = 300 mm
To Find
Force required to roll the wheel without slipping
W. K T P*r=W*b

P = 50N
Kinetics of Rigidbodies
i)D' Alembert's principle
ii) Work energy equation
iii) Impulse and momentum, and
iv) Law of conservation of energy
• Rotational moment
Rotational moment = Mass moment of inertia x Angular acceleration

• The rigid body plane motion is described by the following three equations of
motion.
Case (i): When the body is subjected to pure translation. (ie., rotation is zero)
• The equations of motion are :

Case (ii) : When the body is subjected to pure rotation. (ie., translation is zero)
• The equations of motion are :

D' Alembert's Principle

• Applying for a rigid body in plane motion, taking into consideration, the
rotational motion also. The equations .are

max may are the inertia forces in x and y directions.

IG α' is the inertia torque about the axis of rotation
Problem 21
A block of 500 N is suspended by a tight rope wound round the pulley of
weight 200N and radius 0.5m, as shown in fig. Determine the acceleration of the
weight and the tension in the rope.
Applying the dynamic equilibrium equation
Problem 22
Two weights each of 100 N are suspend from a compound pulley as
shown in figure. Find, (i) angular acceleration of the pulley (ii) linear acceleration
of the blocks A & B (iii) Tension in the string. Take weight of the pulley as 300 N
and its radius of gyration 0.25 m.
Solution

:. The block A moves downwards, the block B moves upwards and the pulley
rotates in anticlockwise direction .
• Mass moment of inertia of the pulley about the axis of rotation,
Consider the free body diagram of pulley, When the block moves downward,
the pulley will rotate in anticlockwise direction. Hence the inertia torque
'I α.' is given in the opposite direction.
 B

12
00
N
W

600
3000
A C