CONDITIONAL STATEMENT
(IF STATEMENTS)
The boolean Type and Operators
Often in a program you need to compare two values,
such as whether i is greater than j. Java provides six
comparison operators (also known as relational
operators) that can be used to compare two values.
The result of the comparison is a Boolean value: true
or false.
boolean b = (1 > 2);
2
Relational Operators
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Condition: represented by a logical (Boolean) expression
that evaluates to a logical value of true or false.
Relational operators:
Allow comparisons.
Require two operands (binary).
Evaluate to true or false.
Ex: String txt ;
int x = 5;
Simple If statement
if(x < 15) //evaluates to true
txt=“X is less than 15”;
Relational Operators (cont.)
4
There are six comparison (or relational) operators:
Operator Meaning Example
== Equal to x == y
!= Not equal to x != y
> Greater than x>y
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y
< Less than x<y
<= Less than or equal to x <= y
Relational Operators (Cont.)
5
Relational operators can be used with all three
simple data types:
1. Numbers:
8 < 15 evaluates to true.
6.5 != 6.5 evaluates to false.
2. Character:
Result depends on machine’s collating
sequence (ASCII character set).
‘A’ < ‘B’ and ‘C’ < ‘c’ evaluate to True.
If statement :Flow Charts
6
Simple if statement
if-else statement
nested-if statement
Com
plica
te d
if and if...else
7
if and if...else statements can be used to
create:
1. One-way selection
2. Two-way selection
3. Multiple selections
1. One-Way Selection
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One-way selection syntax:
Statement is executed if the value of the expression
is true.
Statement is bypassed if the value is false;
program goes to the next statement.
Expression is called a decision maker.
Example
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Note
if i > 0 { if (i > 0) {
System.out.println("i is positive"); System.out.println("i is positive");
} }
(a) Wrong (b) Correct
if (i > 0) { if (i > 0)
System.out.println("i is positive"); Equivalent System.out.println("i is positive");
}
(a) (b)
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Two-Way Selection
11
Two-way selection syntax:
If expression is true, statement1 is executed;
otherwise, statement2 is executed.
statement1 and statement2 can be any Java
statements.
Example
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int age = 20;
if (age > 18)
{
System.out.println("Eligible to vote.“);
System.out.println("No longer a minor.");
}
else
{
System.out.println("Not eligible to vote.“);
System.out.println("Still a minor);
}
Example
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Write a Java Program to Check Whether an
entered Number is Even or Odd.
Multiple Selections: Nested if
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Nesting: one control statement is located within another.
An else is associated with the most recent if that has
not been paired with an else.
Example
15
Write a java program to enter an integer,
then check whether the entered integer is
positive, negative or zero.
Logical Operators
16
Each comparison operation involves two
operands, e.g., x <= 100.
It is invalid to write 1 < x < 100 in programming.
Instead, you need to break out the two
comparison operations x > 1, x < 100, and join with
a logical AND operator.
Ex: (x > 1) && (x < 100), where && denotes AND
operator.
Logical Operators and Logical Expressions
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Logical (Boolean) operators: enable you to combine
logical expressions.
&& (AND) Operator
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AND (&&)
true true true
true false false
false True false
false false false
|| (OR) Operator
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OR(||)
true true true
true false true
false True true
false false false
! (Not) Operator
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When you use the ! operator, !true is false and !
false is true. Putting ! in front of a logical
expression reverses the value of that logical
expression.
