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Conditional statements (if statement)

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5 views

Conditional statements (if statement)

Uploaded by

khaledxxoxo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONDITIONAL STATEMENT

(IF STATEMENTS)
The boolean Type and Operators

Often in a program you need to compare two values,


such as whether i is greater than j. Java provides six
comparison operators (also known as relational
operators) that can be used to compare two values.
The result of the comparison is a Boolean value: true
or false.

boolean b = (1 > 2);


2
Relational Operators
3

 Condition: represented by a logical (Boolean) expression


that evaluates to a logical value of true or false.
 Relational operators:
 Allow comparisons.
 Require two operands (binary).
 Evaluate to true or false.

Ex: String txt ;


int x = 5;
Simple If statement
if(x < 15) //evaluates to true
txt=“X is less than 15”;
Relational Operators (cont.)
4

 There are six comparison (or relational) operators:

Operator Meaning Example


== Equal to x == y
!= Not equal to x != y
> Greater than x>y
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y
< Less than x<y
<= Less than or equal to x <= y
Relational Operators (Cont.)
5

 Relational operators can be used with all three


simple data types:
1. Numbers:
 8 < 15 evaluates to true.
 6.5 != 6.5 evaluates to false.
2. Character:
 Result depends on machine’s collating
sequence (ASCII character set).
 ‘A’ < ‘B’ and ‘C’ < ‘c’ evaluate to True.
If statement :Flow Charts
6

Simple if statement

if-else statement

nested-if statement

Com
plica
te d
if and if...else
7

 if and if...else statements can be used to


create:
1. One-way selection
2. Two-way selection
3. Multiple selections
1. One-Way Selection
8

 One-way selection syntax:

 Statement is executed if the value of the expression


is true.
 Statement is bypassed if the value is false;
program goes to the next statement.
 Expression is called a decision maker.
Example
9
Note

if i > 0 { if (i > 0) {
System.out.println("i is positive"); System.out.println("i is positive");
} }
(a) Wrong (b) Correct

if (i > 0) { if (i > 0)
System.out.println("i is positive"); Equivalent System.out.println("i is positive");
}

(a) (b)

10
Two-Way Selection
11

 Two-way selection syntax:

 If expression is true, statement1 is executed;


otherwise, statement2 is executed.
 statement1 and statement2 can be any Java
statements.
Example
12

int age = 20;

if (age > 18)


{
System.out.println("Eligible to vote.“);
System.out.println("No longer a minor.");
}
else
{
System.out.println("Not eligible to vote.“);
System.out.println("Still a minor);
}
Example
13

 Write a Java Program to Check Whether an


entered Number is Even or Odd.
Multiple Selections: Nested if
14

 Nesting: one control statement is located within another.


 An else is associated with the most recent if that has
not been paired with an else.
Example
15

Write a java program to enter an integer,


then check whether the entered integer is
positive, negative or zero.
Logical Operators
16

 Each comparison operation involves two


operands, e.g., x <= 100.
 It is invalid to write 1 < x < 100 in programming.
 Instead, you need to break out the two
comparison operations x > 1, x < 100, and join with
a logical AND operator.
 Ex: (x > 1) && (x < 100), where && denotes AND
operator.
Logical Operators and Logical Expressions
17

 Logical (Boolean) operators: enable you to combine


logical expressions.
&& (AND) Operator
18

AND (&&)

true true true

true false false

false True false

false false false


|| (OR) Operator
19

OR(||)

true true true

true false true

false True true

false false false


! (Not) Operator
20

When you use the ! operator, !true is false and !


false is true. Putting ! in front of a logical
expression reverses the value of that logical
expression.

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