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Programming Concept

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Programming Concept

Uploaded by

Hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER SCIENCE

PROGRAMMING
CONCEPT
By
Mr. Hassan
Variable and Constant
Varaible: a programming memory data location that stores that can change
name. Hassan
(variale) (data vaue)
Contant: a programming memory data location that stores that can not change , constant is very useful in
programming and if want the value to change you only need to change it where it was first declared.
DATA TYPES
STRING: Is a name given to a series of character or symbols
e.g.
name. “Hassan”

NUMBERS: This represent numerical values or figures in programming. They can


be subdivided into:
INTEGER which include whole numbers like: 1,2,3,4,5,60,90,

REAL NUMBER which include numerals with decimal places


like: 3.142. they are also known as FLOAT.

CHARACTER or CHAR represent a single character stored in the computer memory. It is more efficient
to store a single character in a character data byte because a string can have a minimum of four byte
allocated for that data type, so a single string data type can be stored in that four bytes but you only
need a byte to store a CHAR.
DATA TYPES contd.
BOOLEAN: Is a data type that holds only two values.
e.g.
true/false, yes/no
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF
PROGRAMMING
KEY TERMS
Algorithm:- Is a set of instruction to solve a problem
Sequence:– Instruction that occur one after the other in a logical order
Excuted:- A program that is run
Selectection:- makin a choice or decision in a program
Iteration :- repeating instruction in a program
Condition:- a state in the program that will be met or not be met.
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF
PROGRAMMING contd:
Sequence:– occurs when algorithm are written one after the other in a
logical order.
Input first number
Store the first number
Input second number
Store second number
Add first number to second number
Output result
Stop the program

Selectection:- makin a choice or decision in a program


BASIC PRINCIPLE OF
PROGRAMMING contd:
Selectection:- makin a choice or decision in a program

age USERINPUT
if age is > 18 THEN
PRINT “you are an adult”
ELSE
PRINT “you are not an adult”
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF
PROGRAMMING contd:
Iteration :- repeating instruction in a program
FOR LOOP

For 5 loops
PRINT “Happy”
ENDFOR
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF
PROGRAMMING contd:
Condition:- a state in the program that will be met or not be met.
CONDITION LOOP :- repeats a set of instruction until a condition is met

Me “Happy”
REPEAT:
PRINT “ Me“
UNTIL Me = ”Sad“

This will keep printing Happy until the variable becomes sad.
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF
PROGRAMMING contd:
Totalling:- useful for running total in a program.

score = 0
score = score + 2
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF
PROGRAMMING contd:
Counting:- useful for counting the number of times something occurs in
a program.

count = 0
count = score + 1
USING PREDEFINED ROUTINES
KEY TERMS:-
Predefined function:- Is a pre-programmed set of instruction that return a value.
Library:- a store of program instruction that can be imported into a program
Predefined procedure:- a pre-programmed set of instruction that do not return a
value
USING ARRAY
KEY TERMS:-
Array:- Is a store of data value that are related and of the same data types.
Element :- an individual data located in an array.
Highscore [83,75,82,98,80,87,97, 89,96,95]

The name of The data


the variable value stored
that stores in the array
the array
CREATING AN ARRAY
STEPS:-
 Give the variable that will store the array a name to identify the array a
 Set the number of element the array will hold, this is called specifying the
dimension
 Define the type of data the array will hold, this is called specifying data type.

Highscore integer [10]


READING TO AND WRITING
FROM AN ARRAY
Programs can be ask to read certain element in an array, this is done by asking the
program to output data in a particular location on the array. The program will read
data in that particular location and output it for us to see-

PRINT Highscore [10]


PRINT Highscore [3]
PRINT Highscore [8]
PRINT Highscore [0]
READING TO AND WRITING
FROM AN ARRAY
Programs can be ask to read certain element in an array, this is done by asking the
program to output data in a particular location on the array. The program will read
data in that particular location and output it for us to see-

The output
PRINT Highscore [9] will be tenth,
PRINT Highscore [3] fourth etc
PRINT Highscore [8] element in
PRINT Highscore [0] the array

Read outputting data from an array so we can see it.


Write inputting data into an array to store it.
Highscore (1) [90]

The above statement means that the program should write and store 90
into index 1 or should overwrite whatever data in index 1.

BRAIN CHECK:-
Write a program to overwrite the first element in an array
We can also use a variable to read data from and array as shown below, if
count is replace with 3, then the fourth element will be displayed

PRINT Highscore (count)

BRAIN CHECK:-
The program statement below is used for

Highscore (count) [98]


READING AND WRITING INTO AN
ARRAY USING LOOPS
A FOR …….. TO ……… NEXT loop will read values from and write values to for a
number of times stated in the loop

FOR count 0 TO 3
PRINT Highscores (count)
NEXT count

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