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Two Nation Theory

The Two Nation Theory posits that Muslims and Hindus in the Indian subcontinent are distinct nations with separate cultures, goals, and destinies, which justified the creation of Pakistan in 1947. It highlights key differences between Islam and Hinduism, such as monotheism versus polytheism and the presence of a caste system in Hindu society. The theory underscores that differing beliefs about human value lead to divergent socio-political structures.

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Sadam Hussain Salam Hussain
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14 views17 pages

Two Nation Theory

The Two Nation Theory posits that Muslims and Hindus in the Indian subcontinent are distinct nations with separate cultures, goals, and destinies, which justified the creation of Pakistan in 1947. It highlights key differences between Islam and Hinduism, such as monotheism versus polytheism and the presence of a caste system in Hindu society. The theory underscores that differing beliefs about human value lead to divergent socio-political structures.

Uploaded by

Sadam Hussain Salam Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Two Nation Theory

• What is Ideology?
• Set of opinions
• Set of beliefs
• Of a group or an individual
• A set of political beliefs or ideas that
characterize a culture
• Ideology is a set of beliefs that directs one’s
goals
• To achieve any aim, a set of ideas can provide
guidance
• “In the collective life of a group or nation,
people struggle collectively in the light of
common thinking. This is collective thinking is
the ideology of a nation.”
• The Two Nation Theory was the basis of the
struggle for the creation of Pakistan as an
independent state.
• It showed Muslims a direction on the basis of
which they could create Pakistan.
• The Two Nation Theory is based on the idea
that there are two separate nations on the
subcontinent: Muslim and Hindu
• Both nations had separate cultures, goals and
destinies.
• So the Two Nation theory gave rise to an
ideology that led to the partition of India into
two separate independent states in August
1947.
Differences between Islam and Hinduism

• Monotheism vs. polytheism: Islam is a


monotheistic religion, while Hinduism is
polytheistic.
• Monotheism is a religious belief that
maintains that there is only one God.
• Polytheism: the belief in many gods.
Social and Cultural Differences
• Religious laws: Muslims follow Sharia law,
while Hindus follow dharma.
Islam: All humans are Equal

Hinduism: Caste system


• A caste system is a social structure where
people are divided into groups called castes
based on birth
• Each caste has a fixed set of rights and
responsibilities
• Social hierarchy
People are born into a caste and cannot change it.
• Religious and cultural norms
Discriminatory ideas about purity or contamination.
• Professions are based on caste
• Endogamy
People can only marry within their own caste.
Importance of Caste in India
• Rural communities have long been arranged
on the basis of castes - the upper and lower
castes almost always live in segregated
colonies, the water wells are not shared,
Brahmins do not accept food or drink from the
Shudras, and one could marry only within
one's caste.
Main Point
• When the defining parameters of social order
are based on completely different beliefs
regarding the value of fellow human beings,
then the resulting socio-political setups would
be different in ethos and objectives.
• Thus, the Two Nation Theory holds true.

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