WELCOME

1
POWER

6
2
2
 SEQUENCE
 Definition.
 Dissipation of power by a resistor
 Calculations
 Power Rating
 Power Conversion and Efficiency
 Power in a Series Circuit
 Power Transfer and Efficiency
 Power in a Parallel Circuit
 Power in the Voltage Divider
5
AIM

6
 Definition
Power : Work is done whenever force causes motion.
When mechanical force is used to lift or move a weight work is done.
Voltage is an electrical force that voltage forces current to flow in a
closed circuit. Power in watts is equal to the voltage across a circuit
multiplied by current through the circuit
The power is measured in Watts.
The Basic power formula, P = VXI
Power has been calculated with voltage and current (P = V x I), and
with voltage and resistance

The amount of power changes when either voltage or current, or both voltage and current,
are caused to change

87
 POWER
If the resistance in a circuit is held constant , the power varies directly with
the square of the voltage.
By applying ohms law , I=V/R,
So , P= V2/R
Power also varies as the square of current just as it does with voltage.
Thus, another formula for power, with current and resistance
as its factors,
We know, V= IXR
so. P= I2R

88
 POWER
Four of the most important electrical quantities have been
discussed. These are voltage (V), current (I), resistance (R),
and power (P). P was expressed in terms of alternate pairs of
the other three basic quantities V, I, and R. In practice, you
should be able to express any one of these quantities in terms
of any two of the others.

89
FORMULA’S

810
811
 POWER RATING
Electrical components are often given a power rating. The power rating, in
watts, indicates the rate at which the device converts electrical energy into
another form of energy, such as light, heat, or motion. In some electrical
devices the wattage rating indicates the maximum power the device is
designed to use rather than the normal operating power

812
 POWER RATING
A device such as a resistor is not normally given a voltage or a current rating. A
resistor is given a power rating in watts and can be operated at any combination of
voltage and current as long as the power rating is not exceeded. In most circuits,
the actual power used by a resistor is considerably less than the power rating of the
resistor because a 50% safety factor is used. For example, if a resistor normally
used 2 watts of power, a resistor with a power rating of 3 watts would be used.

Resistors of the same resistance value are available in different wattage values.
Carbon resistors, for example, are commonly made in wattage ratings of 1/8, 1/4,
1/2, 1, and 2 watts. The larger the physical size of a carbon resistor the higher the
wattage rating. This is true because a larger surface area of material radiates a
greater amount of heat more easily.

When resistors with wattage ratings greater than 5 watts are needed, wire wound
resistors are used. Wire wound resistors are made in values between 5 and 200
watts. Special types of wire wound resistors are used for power in excess of 200
watts.

As with other electrical quantities, prefixes may be attached to the word watt when
expressing very large or very small amounts of power. Some of the more common
of these are the kilowatt (1,000 watts), the megawatt (1,000,000 watts), and the
milliwatt (1/1,000 of a watt). 813
RESISTOR RATING

814
REISISTOR USED IN CIRCUIT

815
 POWER CONVERSION AND EFFICIENCY
Power is used by electrical devices and is converted from one form of
energy to another. Power used by electrical devices is measured in
energy.
This practical unit of electrical energy is equal to 1 watt of power used
continuously for 1 hour. The term kilowatt hour (kWh) is used more
extensively on a daily basis and is equal to 1,000 watt-hours.

The efficiency of an electrical device is the ratio of power converted to

816
 POWER CONVERSION AND EFFICIENCY
The efficiency of an electrical device is the ratio of power converted to
useful energy divided by the power consumed by the device
This number will always be less than one (1.00) because of the losses
in any electrical device. Horsepower, a unit of work, is often found as a
rating on electrical motors. One horsepower is equal to 746 watts.

817
 Power in a Series Circuit
Each of the resistors in a series circuit consumes power which is dissipated in
the form of heat. Since this power must come from the source, the total power
must be equal to the power consumed by the circuit resistances. In a series
circuit the total power is equal to the SUM of the power dissipated by the
individual resistors
The total power is equal to the sum of the power used by the individual
resistors.
The total power in a series circuit is equal to the sum of the individual powers
used by each circuit component

818
 Power in a Parallel Circuit
Power computations in a parallel circuit are essentially the same as
those used for the series circuit. Since power dissipation in resistors
consists of a heat loss, power dissipations are additive regardless of
how the resistors are connected in the circuit. The total power is
equal to the sum of the power dissipated by the individual resistors.
Like the series circuit, the total power consumed by the parallel
circuit is:

The total power consumed in a parallel circuit is equal to the sum of

819
 POWER IN THE VOLTAGE DIVIDER
Power in the voltage divider is an extremely
important quantity.
The power dissipated by the resistors in the
voltage divider should be calculated to determine
the power handling requirements of the resistors.
Total power of the circuit is needed to determine
the power requirement of the source.
Total power is calculated by summing the power
consumed by the loads and the power dissipated by
the divider resistors. The total power in the circuit is
15.675 watts

820
 RECAPITULATION
 Definition.
 Dissipation of power by a resistor
 Calculations
 Power Rating
 Power Conversion and Efficiency
 Power in a Series Circuit
 Power Transfer and Efficiency
 Power in a Parallel Circuit
 Power in the Voltage Divider

21
QUESTIONING & ANSWERING

22
QUESTIONING AND ANSWERING

23
THANK YOU

24