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Ohmmeter

An ohmmeter is a device used to measure resistance and check electrical circuit continuity, utilizing an internal voltage source and ranging resistors. There are two main types of ohmmeters: series type for high resistance measurements and shunt type for low resistance measurements. The document details the operation and calibration of both types, including circuit configurations and scale markings.

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45 views24 pages

Ohmmeter

An ohmmeter is a device used to measure resistance and check electrical circuit continuity, utilizing an internal voltage source and ranging resistors. There are two main types of ohmmeters: series type for high resistance measurements and shunt type for low resistance measurements. The document details the operation and calibration of both types, including circuit configurations and scale markings.

Uploaded by

cherrygranger1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ohmmeter

By:
Somesh Kumar Malhotra
Lecturer,ECE Deptt.,UIET,CSJM University
 1. An ohmmeter is an instrument used to
measure resistance and check the continuity of
electrical circuits and component. This
resistance reading is indicated through a meter
movement.
 2. The ohmmeter must then have an internal
source of voltage to create the necessary
current to operate the movement, and also
have appropriate ranging resistors to allow
desired current to flow through the movement
at any given resistance.
 3. Two types of schemes are used to design an
ohmmeter – series type and shunt type.
 4. The series type of ohmmeter is used for
measuring relatively high values of resistance,
while the shunt type is used for measuring low
values of the resistance.
Series type ohmmeter
 1. In this Figure1, R1 is the current limiting
resistor, R2 is the zero adjust resistor, RX is the
unknown resistor, E is the internal battery
voltage and Rm is the internal resistance of
the d’Arsonval movement. A and B are the
output terminals of the ohmmeter across
which an unknown resistor is connected.
2. When RX = 0 (short circuit), R2 is adjusted
to get full-scale current through the
movement. Then, I = Ifsd. The pointer will be
deflected to its maximum position on the
scale. Therefore, this full-scale current reading
is marked 0 ohms.
3. When RX = ∞ (open circuit), I = 0. The
pointer will read zero. Therefore, the zero
current reading is marked ∞ ohms.
 4. By connecting different values of RX,
intermediate values are marked. The overall
accuracy of the scale markings depends on the
repeating accuracy of the movement and
tolerance of the resistors used for calibration.
Figure 2 shows a typical scale of the series
type ohmmeter. Note that the scale is
logarithmic – “expended” at the low end of
the scale and “compressed” at the high end to
be able to span a wide range from zero to
infinite resistance.
 R1 and R2 used in Figure 1 can be
determined by using a value of RX
corresponding to half the deflection of the
meter. For the given movement, Ifsd and Rm
are known.
 2. Let Rh be the half deflection resistance. For
this value of RX, I = Ifsd/2.
Further, at half deflection,
Rh = internal resistance of the circuit looking from
terminals A and B.
 Battery current needed to supply half-scale
deflection is given by

• Total current, It, is supplied by the battery for


full-scale deflection is double of this current,
i.e.

• And
 Using KVL

 Solving these equations, we get


Shunt type ohmmeter
 It consists of a battery in series with an
adjustable resistor R1 and a basic
movement (meter).
 The unknown resistance is connected across
terminals A and B, parallel with the
meter.
 In this circuit it is necessary to have an "off-on"
switch to disconnect the battery from the
circuit when the instrument is not in use.
 3) Let the switch be closed. When RX = 0 (short
circuit), the pointer reads zero because full
current flows through Rx and no current flows
through the meter. Therefore, zero current
reading is marked 0 ohms.
 4) When RX = ∞ (open circuit), no current flows
through RX. Resistor R1 is adjusted so that full-
scale current flows through the meter.
Therefore, maximum current reading is marked
∞ ohms. Comparison of series and shunt
ohmmeter scales is shown in Figure 4.

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