CHAPTER SEVEN

DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS
CONNECTING DIGITAL LIVES,
BUSINESS, AND SOCIETY
• SECTION 7.1 – CONNECTIVITY - THE KEY TO
COMMUNICATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE
• Digital Ecosystems
• Advanced Connectivity for the Digital Age
• Wireless Networks - The Key to Mobility
• Security - Protecting Digital Ecosystems
CHAPTER SEVEN
• SECTION 7.2 – DIGITAL LIVES, BUSINESS, AND OVERVIEW
SOCIETY
• Digital Business Ecosystems
• Business Wi-Fi Apps
• Information Mobility Management
• Closing the Digital Divide
SECTION 7.1 -
CONNECTIVITY - THE KEY TO
COMMUNICATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE
1. Explain a digital ecosystem
2. Identify the components of a digital network
3. Explain how 5G and Wi-Fi 6 are changing business
with streaming
LEARNING
4. Identify security concerns with digital ecosystems
OUTCOMES
DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS
• Digital life - The ability to connect
with others across the globe using
social media platforms, messaging
apps, and video conferencing tools
DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS
• Digital ecosystem - A complex network of interconnected entities, including
organizations, individuals, digital platforms, technologies, and data, that interact and
collaborate within a digital environment. It encompasses the interdependent
relationships between various stakeholders, where each entity contributes to and
benefits from the ecosystem
• Participants - Individuals, organizations, or entities that are involved in the digital
ecosystem
• Digital business platform - An infrastructure that enables the exchange of goods,
services, or information between participants and examples include social media
platforms, ebusiness marketplaces, and cloud computing platforms. A digital platform
is the foundation of a digital ecosystem
DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS
• Key characteristics of a digital ecosystem include -
• Data-driven - Data plays a crucial role in a digital ecosystem, as entities generate, share, and
analyze data to derive insights, improve decision making, and create innovative solutions
• Interconnectivity - Entities within the ecosystem are connected through digital networks
and communication channels, enabling seamless interaction and exchange of information
• Interdependence - Entities rely on each other’s contributions and services to create value
and achieve mutual goals within the ecosystem. Collaboration and partnerships are standard
in a digital ecosystem
• Scalability and flexibility - Digital ecosystems can scale and adapt to changing needs and
technologies. They can expand to include new participants, technologies, and services
 ADVANCED CONNECTIVITY FOR THE DIGITAL AGE
• Protocol - A set of rules and standards
that govern how data is transmitted and
received over networks
• IP address - A unique number that
identifies where computers are located on
the network (IP addresses act as a virtual
“location” on a network)
• Application programming interface
(API) - A set of routines, protocols, and
tools for building software applications
THREE TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
• Local area network (LAN) - Connects
a group of computers in close
proximity, such as in an office building,
school, or home. LANs allow the
sharing of files, printers, games, and
other resources
• Wide area network (WAN) - Spans a
large geographic area such as a state,
province, or country
• Metropolitan area network (MAN) -
A large computer network usually
spanning a city
MEASURING NETWORK PERFORMANCE
• Bandwidth - The maximum amount of
data that can pass from one point to
another in a unit of time

• Bit - The smallest element of data and

has a value of either 0 or 1

• Bit rate - The number of bits

transferred or received per unit of
time
MEASURING NETWORK PERFORMANCE
 WIRELESS NETWORKS - THE KEY TO MOBILITY
• Mobile - Means the technology can travel with the
user. For instance, users can download software,
email messages, and web pages onto a laptop or
other mobile device for portable reading or
reference
• Wireless - Refers to any type of operation
accomplished without the use of a hard-wired
connection
WIRELESS NETWORKS - THE KEY TO MOBILITY
• The emerging technology behind mbusiness is a mobile
device equipped with a web-ready micro-browser that
can perform the following services -
• Mobile entertainment - downloads for music,
videos, games, voting, and ring tones, as well as
text-based messaging services
• Mobile sales/marketing - advertisements,
campaigns, discounts, promotions, and coupons
• Mobile banking - manage accounts, pay bills,
receive alerts, and transfer funds
• Mobile ticketing - purchase tickets for
entertainment, transportation, and parking;
includes the ability to feed parking meters
automatically
• Mobile payments - pay for goods and services,
including in-store purchases, home delivery,
vending machines, taxis, gas, and so on
WIRELESS NETWORKS - THE KEY TO MOBILITY
• Connectivity - Refers to the ability of devices to
connect and communicate with each other or
with networks

• Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) - A means by which

portable devices can connect wirelessly to a
local area network, using access points that
send and receive data via radio waves

• Wi-Fi infrastructure - Includes the inner

workings of a Wi-Fi service or utility, including
the signal transmitters, towers, or poles and
additional equipment required to send out a
Wi-Fi signal
WIRELESS NETWORKS - THE KEY TO MOBILITY
• Router - An intelligent connecting device that examines
each packet of data it receives and then decides which way
to send it toward its destination

• Wireless Access Points (WAP) - Enables devices to connect

to a wireless network to communicate with each other

• Radio Signals - A form of electromagnetic radiation used for

wireless communication

• Wi-Fi Standards - Wi-Fi operates based on specific Institute

of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards

• Service Set Identifier (SSID) - A unique identifier or name

that is assigned to a wireless network to distinguish it from
other nearby wireless networks

• Data Transmission - Connected devices can exchange data

wirelessly within the network
WIRELESS NETWORKS - THE KEY TO MOBILITY
• Wireless broadband - Refers to high-
speed Internet access provided
through wireless communication
technologies, allowing users to connect
to the Internet without needing
physical wired connections
• Wi-Fi network identification - The
SSID serves as the name of a wireless
network and is broadcasted by the
wireless access point (WAP) or router
to let devices in the vicinity know that
the network is available for connection
WIRELESS NETWORKS - THE KEY TO MOBILITY
WIRELESS NETWORKS - THE KEY TO MOBILITY
• Wi-Fi Bands - A Wi-Fi band refers to a
specific frequency range that is used
for wireless communication in Wi-Fi
networks
• Gigahertz (GHz) - The number of
billions of CPU cycles per second
• Gigahertz measures electromagnetic
wave frequencies, including those used
in various technologies like Wi-Fi,
radio, and computer processors.
WIRELESS NETWORKS - THE KEY TO MOBILITY
• Bluetooth - Wireless technology that
transmits signals over short distances
between cell phones, computers, and
other devices
• Hotspots - Designated locations where
Wi-Fi access points are publicly
available
• Smartphones - Offer more advanced
computing ability and connectivity
than basic cell phones
5G AND WI-FI 6 - THE POWER OF STREAMING
• 5G - The fifth-generation wireless broadband
technology that will greatly increase the speed
and responsiveness of wireless networks

• The technical benefits of 5G include -

• Low latency - Small packets of data will be
exchanged instantly
• Fast connection speeds - Will boost data
transfer capacity by four times the current
speeds by leveraging wider bandwidths and
advanced antenna technologies
• Device connections - Will connect millions
of IoT devices together

• Wi-Fi 6 - The next generation of Wi-Fi expected

to operate at 9.6 Gbps
5G AND WI-FI 6 - THE POWER OF STREAMING
• Streaming - A method of sending
audio and video files over the Internet
in such a way that the user can view
the file while it is being transferred
• Streaming data - Data that is
generated continuously by thousands
of data sources, which typically send in
the data records simultaneously, and in
small sizes (order of kilobytes)
 SATELLITES

• Satellite - A space
station that orbits the
Earth receiving and
transmitting signals from
Earth-based stations
over a wide area
SECURITY - PROTECTING DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS

• Identity and Access Management

(IAM) - IAM components ensure
secure access and management of user
identities within the digital ecosystem.
This includes authentication,
authorization, and user management
systems that control and monitor user
access rights and permissions across
various applications and resources
WIRELESS SECURITY BEST PRACTICES
• Wired equivalent privacy (WEP) - An
encryption algorithm designed to protect
wireless transmission data

• Wi-Fi protected access (WPA) - A wireless

security protocol to protect Wi-Fi networks
 WIRELESS SECURITY BEST PRACTICES
• Secure sockets layer (SSL) - A standard
security technology for establishing an
encrypted link between a web server and a
browser, ensuring that all data passed between
them remain private

• SSL Certificate - An electronic document that

confirms the identity of a website or server and
verifies that a public key belongs to a
trustworthy individual or company

• Secure hypertext transfer protocol (SHTTP

or HTTPS) - A combination of HTTP and SSL to
provide encryption and secure identification of
an Internet server
MOBILE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
• There are three key security
considerations to keep in mind as you
enter the wireless world

1. Start with the right equipment

2. Make security an ongoing process,
not a one-time event
3. Understand that not all threats are
purposeful
SECTION 7.2 -
DIGITAL LIVES, BUSINESS, AND SOCIETY
4. Describe augmented reality (AR) and virtual
reality (VR)

5. Explain the three primary business applications of

wireless technology

6. Explain mobile enterprise management and its LEARNING

importance to a business OUTCOMES
7. Identify the ethical concern associated with the
digital divide
DIGITAL BUSINESS ECOSYSTEM
• Value creation - Refers to increasing
or enhancing the worth, utility, or
desirability of a product, service, or
business entity

• Three technologies driving digital

transformation of business ecosystems
include
1. Augmented reality
2. Virtual reality
3. Immersive reality
 AUGMENTED REALITY
• Augmented reality (AR) - Allows
businesses to overlay digital content, such
as 3D models, information, or interactive
interfaces, onto the physical world,
providing employees and customers with
real-time, context-aware information and
interactions
• Smart glasses - Wearable devices that
feature integrated displays, sensors, and
computing capabilities
VIRTUAL REALITY
• Virtual Reality (VR) - A computer-
generated simulation that immerses
users in a three-dimensional, interactive
environment
• Head-Mounted Display - Consists of two
small screens for each eye that displays
separate images to create a stereoscopic
3D effect
• VR Motion Tracking - VR systems use
various sensors and tracking technologies
to monitor the user’s movements and
translate them into the virtual
environment
 IMMERSIVE REALITY
• Mixed Reality (MR) - Combines elements
of both VR and AR, allowing users to
interact with virtual objects while
maintaining awareness and interaction
with the real world

• MR technology integrates virtual content

into the user’s environment in a way that
appears anchored or integrated with the
physical surroundings
BUSINESS WI-FI APPS
• Areas experiencing tremendous
growth using wireless
technologies include
 RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID)
• Radio frequency identification
(RFID) - Uses electronic tags and
labels to identify objects wirelessly
over short distances
• RFID tag - An electronic identification
device that is made up of a chip and
antenna

• RFID reader (RFID interrogator) - A

transmitter/receiver that reads the
contents of RFID tags in the area
 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
• Global positioning system (GPS) - A satellite-
based navigation system providing extremely
accurate position, time, and speed information

• Automatic vehicle location (AVL) – Uses GPS

tracking to track vehicles

• Geocache - A GPS technology adventure game that

posts the longitude and latitude location for an item
on the Internet for users to find

• Geocoin - A round coin-sized object, is uniquely

numbered and hidden in geocache
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)
• Geographic information system (GIS) -
Consists of hardware, software, and data
that provide location information for
display on a multidimensional map
• Cartography - The science and art of
making an illustrated map or chart
• Spatial data - Identifies the geographic
location of features and boundaries on
Earth, such as natural or constructed
features, oceans, and more
• Location based services (LBS) -
Applications that use location
information to provide a service
INFORMATION MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
• IT consumerization - The blending of
personal and business use of
technology devices and applications

• Pervasive computing - The growing

trend of embedding computer
capabilities into everyday objects to
make them effectively communicate
and perform useful tasks in a way that
minimizes the end user‘s need to
interact with computers as computers
 INFORMATION MOBILITY MANAGEMENT

• Enterprise mobility management

(EMM) - An enterprisewide security
strategy to enforce corporate epolicies
while enabling employee use of mobile
devices such as smart phones and tablets
MOBILE DEVICE MANAGEMENT
• Mobile device management (MDM) - A
security strategy comprised of products and
services that offer remote support for mobile
devices, such as smart phones, laptops, and
tablets

• Three MDM Policies

• Bring Your Own Device
• Choose Your Own Device
• Company-Issued, Personally-Enabled
MOBILE APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
• Mobile application management
(MAM) - A security strategy that
administers and enforces corporate
epolicies for applications on mobile
devices
• Mobile application development -
The set of processes and procedures
involved in writing software for use on
wireless devices
MOBILE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
• Mobile information management
(MIM) -A security strategy that
involves keeping sensitive data
encrypted and allowing only approved
applications to access or transmit it

• Fast data - The application of big data

analytics to smaller data sets in near
real or real time in order to solve a
problem or create business value
CLOSING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
• Internet Accessibility - The ability for all
individuals, including those with disabilities,
to use the Internet effectively

• Digital divide - A worldwide gap giving

advantage to those with access to technology

• Digital inclusion - Efforts to reduce the

digital divide by providing equal
opportunities and access to technology

• Digital literacy - The ability to use digital

technology, communication tools, or networks
to locate, evaluate, use, and create information
• Now that you have finished the chapter,
please review the learning outcomes in
your text LEARNING
OUTCOME
REVIEW