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Periodic Table Overview

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14 views37 pages

Periodic Table Overview

Uploaded by

gamingzonet094
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chemistry: 0620

Date: 3rd Feb, 2025


Lesson # 1
Attainment Targets
1. Describe the Periodic Table as an arrangement of elements in periods and groups and in order of
increasing proton number/atomic number

2. Describe the change from metallic to non-metallic character across a period

3. Describe the relationship between group number and the charge of the ions formed from elements
in that group

4. Explain similarities in the chemical properties of elements in the same group of the Periodic Table
in terms of their electronic configuration

5. Explain how the position of an element in the Periodic Table can be used to predict its properties

6. Identify trends in groups, given information about the elements


Elicitation
• Label the groups of periodic table. Label the groups: Alkali metals,
Transition Elements, Halogens, Noble gases, Inner Transition elements
• Number of groups in Periodic table? 1-8 / 1-18
• Number of Periods in Periodic Table?
Elicitation
Elicitation
Changes across the period (left to right) and down the
Group
• Across the period, One Proton being increased / one atomic number is
being increased / One electron being increased.
(Number of electrons = Number of protons in an atom)

• Down the Group, one shell is being increased. Every period has one
more shell than the previous atom of that group
Position of an element
How can you determine the position of an element in Periodic Table?
Electronic Configuration of an Element
and its position in Periodic Table
Periodic Trends & Electronic
Configuration
• The electronic configuration is the arrangement of electrons into shells for
an atom e.g. the electronic configuration of carbon is 2,4

• There is a link between the electronic configuration of the elements and


their position on the Periodic Table
• The number of notations in the electronic configuration will show the
number of occupied shells of electrons the atom has, showing the period
• The last notation shows the number of outer electrons the atom has,
showing the group number
• Period:
• The red numbers at the bottom show the number of notations which is
3, showing that a chlorine atom has 3 shells of electrons.

• Group:
• The final notation, which is 7 in the example, shows that a chlorine
atom has 7 outer electrons and is in Group VII
Electronic Configuration of Chlorine
The position of chlorine on the Periodic
Table
Trend of Atomic size along the period and along the group

What do you think atomic size increases or decreases


down the group?

What do you think atomic size increases or decreases


down the group?
Atomic Size decreases along the Period
Atomic Size increases along the Group
Lithium: 2,1 = 1 shell

Sodium: 2, 8, 1 = 2 shells

Potassium: 2, 8, 8, 1 = 3 shells
Trend of Atomic size along the period and along the group
Attraction between Nucleus (being positively charged) and the outer most electron decides
the size of an atom

• Trend of Atomic size Along the Period:


Since one electron within the same shell is being increased along the period, so the attarction
between Nucleus and outermost electron is getting increased from left to right in a period.
Therefore, every new element would have smaller atomic size than the previous element of
that period. So along the period, atomic size decreases from left to right.

• Trend of Atomic size Down the Group:


Since one complete shell is being increased along the period, every new element would have
greater atomic size than the previous element of that group. So, down the group atomic size
decreases.
Classroom Activity
Which factor has the greatest influence on the decrease in atomic radius
across a period?
A) Increase in the number of electron shells
B) Increase in shielding effect
C) Increase in nuclear charge without additional electron shells
D) Decrease in the number of protons
Homework
2. Explain why atomic radius decreases as you move across a period in the Periodic Table?
Chemistry: 0620
Date: 4th Feb, 2025
Lesson # 2
Elicitation

• What do you think what is metallic character?

• Why some metals are so shiny while others are not?


Metallic Character
(Ability to lose electron)
• Down the Group:
Since atomic size being increased down the group (attaction between outer
most electron and the nucleus being decreased), so the atom can easily lose
outer-most electron. It means Metallic character increases down the group.

• Along the Period:


Since atomic size being decreased along the period (attaction between outer
most electron and the nucleus being increased), so the atom cannot easily
lose outer-most electron. It means Metallic character decreases along the
period.
Acidity / Basicity

Ability to lose electron (Metallic character) is directly related to the Basicity

An element which is more metallic is more basic. So down the group,


basicity increases while along the period basicity decreases. Metals form
basic oxides.

An element which is more Non-metallic is Acidic. So along the period,


acidity increases while along the group, acidity decreases. Non-metals form
Acidic oxides.
Which element has the least metallic character?
A) Potassium (K)
B) Calcium (Ca)
C) Iron (Fe)
D) Chlorine (Cl)
Homework
1. State and explain the trend in atomic radius (atomic size) in Period 3 from sodium to chlorine.
2. Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing metallic character: Potassium (K),
Calcium (Ca), Gallium (Ga), Germanium (Ge).
3. Suggest the position of an element in the Periodic Table having Electronic Configuration:
a) 2, 8, 8
b) 2, 8, 1
c) 2, 6
4. The atomic radii of the elements in Group 1 are as follows:
Lithium (Li): 152 pm
Sodium (Na): 186 pm
Potassium (K): 227 pm
Rubidium (Rb): 248 pm
Explain and justify the trend in atomic radius observed in Group 1.

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